Tuberculosis, Blackfeet, and the State
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Tuberculosis dates to the ancient world and persists as one of the deadliest contagions today. The World Health Organization estimates that as of 2020, tuberculosis infects one quarter of the global population. From the late-nineteenth through the mid-twentieth centuries, tuberculosis ravaged Montana Native American populations due in large part to the reorganization of tribal lands coupled with mass migrations of non-Native peoples. With the establishment of reservations leading to closer living quarters and further federal Indian policies such as land allotment, Native infection rates increased significantly with deaths greatly exceeding other population groups. During the early twentieth century, Progressive health reformers honed in on tuberculosis treatments, but these policies did not tend to convert to Indian healthcare. Though tuberculosis cases were on the rise, especially after the Influenza pandemic of 1918-19, funding for the Blackfeet Tuberculosis Sanitarium ceased in 1922. This closure contrasts with the push for national Progressive health reform. Few scholars have focused on tuberculosis within Montana reservations other than sideline topics or statistics. This presentation explores the Public Health power dynamics between Blackfeet Indians, the State of Montana, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs during the early twentieth century. BIA agents and land allotment surveyors in Montana wrote extensively about the increase of tuberculosis cases while pleading for further aid to combat the contagion. In 1932, a 5-year study published by the Montana State Board of Health concluded that tuberculosis accounted for 34% of deaths for Native populations in comparison to 4% of non-Natives. Statistics such as these led to an increased concern for Indian healthcare. Examination of BIA, State, Senatorial, field matron, sanitarium, and Montana tuberculosis association records will illuminate why the defunding occurred and if there were alternate healthcare options or if they were left to flounder without support. It will additionally determine if healthcare was compulsory or voluntary. Further exploration of infection rates at boarding and day schools will determine healthcare for students. By reading against the grain and pairing these colonial sources with oral histories, family papers, and photographs, Blackfeet individuals move from the periphery of the historical narrative. This will elucidate the Native fight for body sovereignty by attempting to navigate or avoid Progressive healthcare policies and governance.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».