In vitro reproductive-endocrine, and in vivo immunological responses to extracted oil sands-derived naphthenic acids
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
There is concern surrounding the large volumes of oil sands-influenced waters produced by the extraction of oil in the Athabasca region in northern Alberta. These waters contain water soluble organic compounds such as naphthenic acids (NAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The goal of this study was to use in vitro as well as in vivo assays using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) combined with spectroscopic analyses to determine if specific NA fractions obtained from oil sands-influenced waters possess biological activity. NAs were extracted in bulk from oil sands-influenced waters using acid precipitation and then fractionated. NAs fractions were identified and quantified by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. The fraction obtained by dichloromethane (DCM) back extraction of base-solubilized showed aromatic compounds around 6.8 – 8.2 ppm using 1H NMR. This fraction elicited an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity after 24 h at 5 mg/L. Each fraction contained a carboxylic acid dimer though there were differences in average carbon number and hydrogen deficiency between the samples. The main NA fraction was subsequently used for an in vivo waterborne exposure using rainbow trout. Waterborne exposures were conducted with oil sands-influenced waters, extracted NAs, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a positive control for 7 d, after which blood, spleen, head kidney, and gill samples were removed to evaluate the distribution of thrombocytes, B-lymphocytes, myeloid cells, and T-lymphocytes. The remaining trout in each experimental tank were injected with inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida and held in laboratory water for 21 d and subjected to similar lymphatic cell evaluation in addition to evaluation of antibody production. Trout in the oil sands-influenced water exposure showed a decrease in B- and T-lymphocytes in blood as well as B-lymphocytes and myeloid cells in spleen and an increase in B-lymphocytes in head kidney. Because Oil sands-influenced waters affected multiple immune parameters, while extracted NAs impacts were limited, the NAs tested here are likely not the cause of immunotoxicity found in the oil sands-influenced water. Taken together, the results of spectroscopic analyses, in vitro assays, and in vivo exposures suggest that compounds capable of activating AhR-mediated pathways are present in oil sands process-affected waters, specifically in the DCM fraction. The identity of the AhR-active and immunotoxic compound(s) remains to be determined.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».