The distribution, diversity and functional characterization of the Listeria Genomic Island 1
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Listeria monocytogenes was the causative agent of the nationwide 2008 outbreak associated with contaminated ready-to-eat meat products. Within the whole genome DNA sequences of the outbreak isolates we previously identified a novel 50kb genomic island, designated as Listeria Genomic Island 1 (LGI1). LGI1 is predicted to contribute to Listeria pathogenesis and/or environmental persistence because it encodes genes related to known virulence factors and mobilization functions, including a putative type IV secretion system and a putative small multidrug resistance efflux pump. The distribution of LGI1 in Canadian L. monocytogenes isolates was determined by PCR screening for LGI1 within 126 isolates from 1987 to 2010 that represented different serotypes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. To assess the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of this island, total LGI1 sequences from 15 whole-genome sequences were compared, and from the full study panel of isolates,PCR screening for the chromosomal insertion site and multiple LGI coding sequences were performed. LGI1 was detected almost exclusively in serotype 1/2a isolates, and within those, the isolates predominantly had the same PFGE patterns. These LGI1-encoding isolates also exclusively belonged to the multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)clonal complex 8. LGI1 was highly genetically conserved and it was inserted at the same location within the genome in 65 of the 67 isolates that harboured the island. To study the function and expression of LGI1, antimicrobial susceptibility assays,bioinformatic analyses and real-time reverse-transcription PCR were used. Isolates encoding LGI1 had an increased tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds commonly used in sanitizing agents (benzalkonium chloride (BCl) and benzethonium chloride (BeCl)) compared to isolates lacking LGI1 (but still highly related by MLST and PFGE). LGI1 is also tightly regulated, with expression of 13 of 16 tested coding sequences only being induced by the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of BCl,and one predicted regulator being expressed under all conditions. This study indicates that the vast majority LGI encoding CC8 isolates share a common progenitor L. monocytogenes ancestor that acquired LGI1 in a single evolutionary event. LGI1 has remained genetically conserved since that time, and the functions contributed by this island minimally include an increased tolerance to sanitizer agents.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle