Managing the infrastructure gap: perceptions, challenges and strategies in Calgary and Edmonton
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Since the 1980’s, concerns over the municipal ‘infrastructure gap’ or ‘deficit’ have been frequently raised by local governments in Canada and around the world. In response to the limited number of in-depth case studies on this topic, this thesis undertook a comparative analysis of the Cities of Calgary and Edmonton focusing on how these two municipalities understand, view the causes of, and are working to address, their local infrastructure gaps. Municipal councillors and administrators, as well as developer and community representatives, were interviewed to discuss their views on their respective city’s infrastructure gap. Document analysis and descriptive statistics were employed to triangulate findings. This thesis finds that both cities treat their infrastructure gap figures as high-level estimates subject to significant uncertainty and produced, at least in part, to assist with advocacy for increased intergovernmental capital transfers. Participants in both cities identified the following as contributing to their infrastructure gaps: growth and urban form, asset management challenges, political factors, and inadequate revenues. Participants frequently described infrastructure, particularly maintenance and renewal, as being “not sexy” politically and therefore difficult to adequately prioritize. Both cities exclusively report funding gaps for tax-supported (e.g., roads, public transit) infrastructure; neither city reports funding gaps for user fee-funded infrastructure (e.g., water utilities, waste and recycling). Despite this, no participant identified (the absence of) pricing as contributing to infrastructure gaps. This thesis also finds that both case cities have, particularly in the last two decades, exerted substantial effort to improve their capital budgeting and asset management processes to optimize limited funding. Both cities’ strategies correspond with understood causes of infrastructure gaps and include improved asset and growth management practices (particularly related to cost modeling), development of capital prioritization methods, cultivation of dedicated revenue streams (including earmarked property tax increases and development charges), and advocacy for increased intergovernmental transfers. \nIn response to the above, the following recommendations are made: a national framework should be developed to monitor municipal service levels and associated service costs; municipalities should continue to improve their understanding of capital costs associated with urban growth and proper asset management; municipalities should improve the transparency of their capital budgeting and prioritization decisions; provinces should provide large, urban municipalities with additional own-source revenue tools to better respond to their infrastructure needs; and municipalities should seriously assess the feasibility of introducing pricing (e.g. road tolling) to fund needed infrastructure.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,022 | 0,012 |
| Communication savante | 0,011 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,012 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».