Neuropsychological functioning and emotional distress in drug-addicted youth. A pilot study.
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of substance disorders peaks in young adulthood, generally involving poly-drug use and new psychoactive substances. Consistent evidence attest emotional problems in drug addicts, especially in terms of alexithymia and sensation-seeking, and substance abuse has been conceived as resulting from inadequate coping strategies, mainly relying on avoidance. Substance abuse itself is seen as a dysfunctional mean of coping with negative emotions such as fear and anxiety. Furthermore, several studies prove that drug abuse leads to severe neurotoxic effects, with memory, attention and executive impairments even in young age. The study aims to identify the most critical features, and their interrelations, for the above- mentioned factors in young drug-addicts. The research involved 21 participants (age ranged from 17 to 25 years) undergoing residential treatment; most of them were poly-drug users, mixing heroin and synthetic drugs, and were low-educated. The instruments administered addressed: psychological symptoms (Symptom Checklist -90 Revised, SCL-90-R), coping strategies (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced- Nuova Versione Italiana, COPE-NVI), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 items, TAS-20; Observer Alexithymia Scale OAS), sensation seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale, SSS-VI) and cognitive functions (Esame Neuropsicologico Breve, ENB-2). The research provided for both self-report and observational tools (administered to social workers that knew well the patient) in order to compare the two evaluations and to infer in which extent participants were well-aware of their difficulties. Participants revealed a significant psychological distress (specifically in terms of anxiety and depression), the prevalence of maladaptive coping strategies (relying mainly on avoidant coping and overestimating the extent in which they turn to others to obtain social support) and notable emotional difficulties, with high rate of alexithymia and sensation seeking. As regard the neuropsychological functioning, attention and memory resulted to be the most impaired functions. Results also highlight that the cognitive functioning significantly correlates with psychological distress, maladaptive coping and emotional problems. Young drug-addicts present a complex and severe clinical condition, in which the role of neuropsychological deficits seems to be crucial. Appropriate treatments focusing on neuropsychological rehabilitations are needed besides the traditional psycho-dynamically oriented interventions provided in Italy to drug-addicts.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle