Surrogate motherhood and assisted reproduction in South Africa : an analysis of selected constitutional and medico-legal issues
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The advancement in medical technology over the past few decades has brought hope to infertile people and same-sex couples to have their own families in circumstances where it would not have been possible for them otherwise, except through adoption. These medical technological advances have pushed difficult ethical, social and religious issues to the front as society tries to adjust to new formulations of what constitutes a family. The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and assisted reproductive procedures, especially in the context of surrogate motherhood, raises a range of medico-legal and constitutional issues concerning the parties involved in a surrogate motherhood agreement, namely the commissioning parent(s); the surrogate mother (and her partner, where relevant), and the child to be born following the agreement. Chapter 19 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 was enacted to, not only protect the best interests of the commissioned child, but also to provide legal clarity regarding the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in a surrogacy arrangement, including the legal status of the child born as a result of surrogacy and artificial fertilisation. Although different High Court judgments provide some guidance on the scope and type of information that should accompany an application for the confirmation of a surrogacy agreement to enable the court to make a decision on this matter, many gaps and uncertainties remain. Some of the provisions in the Children’s Act were recently constitutionally challenged because of critical human rights concerns. Urgent legislative intervention is required to address these lacunae. This thesis proposes that regulations be enacted to chapter 19 of the Children’s Act to close the existing regulatory gaps and to assist persons seeking to conceive a child via a surrogacy agreement to comply with the provisions of chapter 19. The law is notorious for often lagging behind the constant advances in medical technology and changes in society, most evident in present times in the context of surrogate motherhood and artificial fertilisation. This thesis also considers what the proposed regulations to the chapter 19 of the Children’s Act should consist of with reference to judgments regarding chapter 19 and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The best interests of children are of paramount importance in all matters concerning children, entrenched in section 28 of the Constitution. This thesis advances that because High Courts have the responsibility to ensure that surrogacy agreements are in the commissioned child’s best interests, this obligation will best be dispensed with by the enactment of much needed regulations. The thesis also demonstrates that although South Africa has a comprehensive legal framework regulating surrogate motherhood and artificial fertilisation compared to the United Kingdom, Canada and India, some instructive examples may be taken from these jurisdictions in closing the existing regulatory gaps and ambiguities.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,010 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,006 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,006 | 0,010 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».