A war of attrition: precarity and paucity for refugees and asylum seekers in Hong Kong
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Hong Kong has not signed the UN Refugee Convention, however, approximately 14,000 refugees and asylum seekers claim protection within its borders. Due to the lack of protections under the UN Refugee Convention, the only rights afforded to Hong Kong’s refugees and asylum seekers is that of non-refoulement, meaning that they cannot be returned to a country where they risk facing persecution. They are provided with minimal welfare assistance on humanitarian grounds, which is dispensed via statutory agencies, and denied access to the majority of social welfare support. Hong Kong has a small number of NGOs and churches that provide additional support, however they receive no governmental funding for, and minimal cooperation with, their endeavours. This paucity of support leaves refugees and asylum seekers in a state of precarity. This thesis aims to provide an understanding of the support currently provided at three levels- the macro level of the state sponsored institutions, the mezzo level of the NGOs and churches, and the micro level of the refugee community itself, in order to ascertain the current level of assistance available to maintain the welfare of refugees and asylum seekers. This thesis also aims to provide descriptive accounts of the lived experiences of refugees and asylum seekers in seeking support and gather the experiences of front-line workers in offering support in order to provide an understanding of not just support itself, but the practicalities of trying to access it. A systematic review of the literature examines the status and conditions of refugees and asylum seekers in current times, and provides a particular focus on racism, precarity, social exclusion, othering and other social factors, as the defining factors in governmental and non-government policy responses. This thesis examines the effects that the level of statutory support available to refugees and asylum seekers has on their day-to-day existence, as well as the barriers to actualising multiple levels of support through the theoretical framework of precarity. Methodologically, this thesis employs a qualitative approach in order to examine the lived experiences of both asylum seekers and refugees and those who work with them, in receiving or delivering support services. 12 semi-structured interviews with substantiated refugees and those seeking asylum looking at the practical realities of obtaining housing, food, education and other necessities of life are explored and discussed. The data also includes interviews with six front line support workers regarding the practicalities of their provision of additional support, such as inter-agency cooperation and funding. The data is analysed in relation to the social determinants of health and evaluated against two frameworks of support, the World Health Organisation’s Ottawa Charter on the pre-requisites for health and Ager and Strang’s Indicators for Integration, in order to evaluate whether the provisions of support in Hong Kong meet these internationally recognised standards. This thesis analyses and discusses the implications of decisions regarding the quantity and quality of the support for this vulnerable population and provides new concepts to describe the socio-political environment in which refugees live, including hierarchies of refugeeness influencing the distribution of support, the difference between allowing and facilitating, and a funnel of enforced criminality. The thesis argues that the minimal support provisions and prohibition from accessing vital services are politically induced, leading to precarity and a paucity of support for this vulnerable population.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,011 | 0,005 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».