THE AIR THAT WE BREATHE: NEUTRAL PFAS IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Neutral, volatile perfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) precursors, such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol (FOSEs) are industrial (by)products that are commonly present in indoor environments, and have been found in urban, industrial, and even rural locations. They have also been detected in remote regions, such as the Arctic, suggesting that these compounds are transported long distances in the. However, measuring volatile and neutral PFAS in air and water has proven to be challenging. Therefore, in order to accurately measure these compounds in different indoor and outdoor environments from urban, rural, industrial and remote regions, we proposed the use of apolar polyethylene (PE) sheets as a passive detection tool for air and water.\nThe compounds of interest in this study included 6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH. 8:2 FTAcr, 10:2 FTAcr, MeFOSA, MeFOSE, EtFOSA, and EtFOSE. Indoor sampling locations included classrooms, offices and laboratories from the University of Rhode Island, kindergarten classrooms and an outdoor clothing store in northern California, and classrooms, offices, laboratories and homes from the central valley of Jalisco, Mexico. Outdoor sampling of air and water included the North American Great Lakes, the Canadian Arctic, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Studies were evaluated using two types of pre-cleaned PE passive samplers differentiated by thickness, and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These PE sheets were used to determine the partitioning coefficients (KPEa) and uptake of the volatile PFAS by these samplers. Results from the kinetic study showed that after 14 days of exposure equilibrium of the compounds into the PE sheets had been reached. Passive samplers were then paired with Radiello active samplers at an outdoor gear and clothing store to determine the KPEa of each compound. Partitioning between both PE sheets suggests that interactions of the passive samplers with the volatile PFAS are occurring by absorption. Gas-phase concentrations were paired with concurrently analyzed dust samples taken at the same locations in Californian kindergartens, and indoor air concentrations were linked to carpet and dust concentrations and the ventilation rates of the indoor environments.\nResults from all indoor studies indicated that volatile and neutral PFAS are ubiquitous in these environments, but that composition and concentration will vary depending on the contents of each location such as furniture, carpet, clothing, as well as ventilation rates. Volatile 6:2 FTOH was dominant in the U.S. indoor locations which was likely a reflection of the banning of longer chained PFAS and their precursors in North America. On the other hand, 10:2 FTOH was most abundant in the Mexican sites which pointed to the presence of older fluorinated products. Volatile PFAS from air, carpet and dust were closely related to each other which indicates that carpets and dust are major sources of FTOHs in air. Nonetheless, air poses the largest exposure risk of FTOH in children age 2 to 6 years old.\nOutdoor air and water from the textile manufacturing industry in Dhaka, Bangladesh had FTOH concentrations comparable to those found indoors. The latter is significant because indoor air concentrations tend to be half as high as outdoor air concentrations. Thus, health concerns should be raised given the elevated concentrations found in ambient air and water. Concentration of FTOHs in the air from North American Great Lakes was higher than the Canadian Arctic. This suggested that the amount of volatile and neutral PFAS present in air and water was in direct relationship with the size of its human settlements, and PFAS are ubiquitous and are capable of being transported atmospherically to remote regions.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».