Cultivating agricultural-riparian shrub willow to improve the sustainability of potato production systems in Prince Edward Island, Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Shrub willow (Salix sp.) is increasingly cultivated as a bio economy crop and for a range of environmental applications. Strategically cultivating Salix to maximize environmental utility could reduce production costs and justify incorporation in traditional agricultural settings. Cultivating Salix in agricultural-riparian transition areas has been proposed as an approach to reduce agriculturally derived indirect agricultural N2O emissions and enhance the surface water protection streams with potentially reduced production costs. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the environmental and economic implications of agricultural-riparian shrub willow buffers downslope of potato cropping systems on Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. The impact of Salix viminalis on shallow soil GHG emissions (N2O, CO2, CH4) was assessed relative to grassed buffers and upslope cultivated fields in potato rotation at five research sites. N2O, CO2, and CH4 flux at the soil-atmosphere interface was measured using non-steady-state static chambers. Nitrate exposure, soil temperature and soil moisture content were assessed. The biomass and nutrient accrual potential, below ground carbon (C) dynamics and economic viability of such a system receiving no direct fertilization was also investigated. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus assimilation was measured in stem and root biomass at nine sites and a cost-benefit analysis assessed opportunities for bioenergy use and deployment. Water quality impacts were modeled by using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate nutrient and sediment loads in the Dunk watershed quality impacts of targeted, 30m 3-zone buffers incorporating shrub willow harvesting. 3-zone willow buffer effectiveness was compared to grass and forest buffers (15m and 30m), and optimal buffer width was assessed. Finally, an online quantitative survey was deployed to evaluate potato grower riparian landowner willingness, constraints, and opportunities to planting agricultural-riparian Salix buffers on PEI. Agricultural-riparian willow significantly mitigated N20 emissions, with mean cumulative seasonal reductions of 1.32 kg N ha-1 (-0.021 to 6.16 kg N ha-1) and a reduced mean cumulative global warming potential of 613 kg CO2e ha-1 in willow relative to cultivated fields. Salix viminalis displayed considerable site-to-site variation in biomass production, with water availability limiting growth. Mean annual yield was 0.25 to 16.59 T ha-1yr-1 (mean 3.9) while CO2 fixation was 0.67 – 46.64 T CO2 ha-1 yr-1 (0.26 - 18.17 T CO2 ha-1 yr-1 long term sequestration). Agricultural-riparian Shrub-willow production was economically viable for on-farm use when yields exceeded 5.6 T ha-1yr-1. Off-farm sale is not currently economically justified. Salix buffers displayed considerable water quality benefits. 30m 3-zone willow buffers removed 93.4% of sediment, 50.2% Total N and 64% Total P (5.6% and 7.5% more sediment, 4.1% and 12.6% more Total P, and -1% and 16.8% Total N than existing 15m grass and forest buffers). 15m 3-zone willow buffers removed significantly more particulate contaminants than15m forest buffers. Optimal 3-zone willow buffer width downslope of potato fields on PEI for diffuse pollutant mitigation was assessed to be 40m.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».