Fascismo e persecuzione razziale dei medici nelle universita e nei sindacati fascisti di categoria in Italia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The present work is part of the broad landscape of studies related to Jewish racial persecution during the period of the Fascist Regime, circumscribing it to a specific category of professionals: the physicians on whom there are no systematic studies or specific literature. The primary objective was to identify in a selected sample of Italian provinces the physicians disbarred from the professional registers as welĺ as those expelled or removed from university clinics, filling the gap in the existing literature concerning the expulsions of physicians of Jewish origin from the Faculties of Medicine and Surgery in the Universities on which there are still no specific studies (Ferrara, Parma, Rome, Naples). Through the analysis of unpublished sources from the Archives of the Orders of Surgeons and Dentists and other sources from the State Archives, I identified the professionals who were expelled by the local Fascist trade unions in the North provinces (Turin, Milan, Trieste and Pola, Bolzano, Brescia, Venice, Belluno, Mantua, Bologna Genoa), in the Center (Pisa, Florence, Livorno, Grosseto, Forlì and Ancona, Rome), and in the South (Naples). The names of the expelled, as well as the doctors of Jewish origin who were involved in the persecution, have been transcribed in the Directory of Doctors of Jewish Origin Involved in Racial Persecution, which, in addition to being one of the objectives of this research, is the first of its kind, and was a starting point for identifying the most interesting biographical profiles on which to further research, particularly from the perspective of the theme of emigration and the history of salvation within the persecution. I have proceeded to take stock of the few victims of the Holocaust among physicians and to present the salvation routes by which the majority of medical professionals managed to get to safety, tracing in particular the vicissitudes of the expelled and those of their reintegration into the Medical Faculties, successful or not. A paragraph is devoted to the reconstitution processes of the Medical Orders and how those dealt with the reenrollment of the expelled. I devoted a chapter to an analysis of the discrimination requests submitted by numerous doctors to the General Directorate for Demography and Race, focusing mainly on the reasons on which some obtained the benefit and especially on those obtained for Fascist Merit, which allow us to question or add new elements regarding the category of pro-fascist Jews, which is far less explored than that of anti-fascists ones. A further objective was to make up for the lack of studies concerning the issue of readmission to service through a comparative analysis of those expelled for racial reasons and their reintegration into academia in the early post-World War II years. By bringing these events to light, I have attempted to restore a more complete picture of the entire process of persecution and a balance of the huge losses of intellectual and qualified resources in the medical-scientific field that the Italian state and society actually suffered as a result of the Regime's racial policies. These events allow the reconstruction of a long chapter that, inaugurated with the rise of Fascism, cast its shadows far beyond its end. Bringing them to light restores a more complete picture of the entire process of persecution and a balance of the massive loss of intellectual resources for Italy, which remains to this day a highly topical issue.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,005 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».