Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in postpartum mothers : the role of infant feeding type, parity, salience of stressor and sociodemographic factors
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responsiveness to stress is generally blunted in lactating rats, except during situations of pup endangerment, suggesting an important role of salience of stressor in stress response during lactation. Conversely, in women, breastfeeding is associated with reduced HPA responses to physical stress and perceived stress. Yet, HPA responses to a standardized speech and arithmetic task (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) are not blunted in breastfeeding mothers. Interestingly, greater number of children (parity) increases maternal experience which can enhance responsiveness to child-related stressors. To our knowledge, no study to date has investigated the impact of infant feeding type and parity on basal and reactive HPA secretion in human mothers using an emotional stressor evoking threat to a child. Furthermore, no study has investigated the effect of return of ovarian activity, sleep disturbances, education and income even though these variables are function of infant feeding type. Therefore, in STUDY (1) we assessed the impact of infant feeding type (breast vs. bottle) and parity (primiparous, first-time mother vs. multiparous, second-time mother) on diurnal cortisol secretion. Then, in STUDY (2) we verified whether infant feeding upon waking up would affect awakening cortisol response (ACR), an endogenous stimulation of HPA axis. Finally, in STUDY (3) we investigated the impact of infant feeding type, parity and salience of stressor on salivary cortisol and (sympathetic) alpha-amylase responses to laboratory-induced (exogenous) stressors that were either related or unrelated to child well-being (a home-made emotional film evoking lost and hurt children or the TSST). Breastfeeding mothers presented lower estradiol concentrations, more frequent nocturnal sleep interruptions and higher education and income. We found that greater basal cortisol secretion in multiparous bottlefeeding compared to multiparous breastfeeding mothers at awakening and 4PM, when simultaneous child and infant cares are the most prominent. No impact of breastfeeding was found on ACR. Finally, among multiparous mothers, following both the TSST and the emotional film, cortisol responsiveness in bottlefeeding was greater than in breastfeeding mothers. Alpha-amylase responses were similar across groups. Interestingly, income played a role in the stability of diurnal cycle, and possibly of ACR across days, but not on laboratory-induced stress responses. No effect of other secondary variables was detected. In conclusion, in this dissertation, we show for the first time that during child-related stress, multiparity accentuates the reduction in basal and reactive HPA activity associated with breastfeeding. Furthermore, the evidence of potential association between high socioeconomic indices and healthier HPA function represent a new avenue for implementing support programs for mothers during the highly emotional and stressful period following childbirth.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».