Rapid estimation of earthquake damage on instrumented steel frame buildings using simplified tools: towards 'city scale' building simulation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In the context of Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) there is an increasing need for the development of rapid damage assessment methodologies for buildings that will enable stakeholders to take informed decisions for management of rescue resources, for reliable estimation of economic losses after an earthquake event in an urban area and for seismic rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure. An important difficulty to assess the post-earthquake functionality of a steel building is the fact that after an earthquake a detailed engineering inspection is typically required. These inspections cause long delays in getting back to operational stage even in those buildings that would most likely be classified as safe and functional after the inspection. This research thesis proposes a computationally efficient methodology for rapid earthquake damage on instrumented steel buildings located in an urban area that can facilitate these needs. A continuous model is employed as part of the proposed methodology that is calibrated within seconds with a computationally efficient optimization scheme, which uses an improved version of a general pattern search in combination with the modal minimization method. Based on the calibrated numerical model, the maximum story drift profile along the height of an instrumented steel building is obtained, given the recorded earthquake response at the instrumented floors of the same building. This drift profile is then used with drift-based fragility curves that express the probability of reaching or exceeding pre-described damage states in pre-qualified beam-to-column fully restraint moment connections. The proposed methodology is validated with a number of instrumented steel frame buildings located in a highly seismic urban area that experienced an actual earthquake event. Results show near perfect mapping of structural damage for light, intermediate and severely damaged steel frame buildings after a comparison with the actual damage inspections of the same buildings after the earthquake. The proposed methodology for rapid earthquake damage assessment on instrumented buildings is employed to demonstrate the concept of city-scale building simulation to facilitate emergency actions after a seismic event in an urban area. For this reason, we employed data from 22 stations in California that recorded the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Generalized structural damage maps are developed with the use of GIS for steel frame buildings around the Los Angeles area to illustrate the concept of "city-scale" structural damage assessment. The utilization of the proposed methodology is also demonstrated through an Android cell-phone application that has been developed that allows a structural engineer to conduct a qualitative structural damage assessment of an instrumented steel building after an earthquake on-the-fly while being on the building site.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».