Security promotion in fragile states: can local meet national?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The connection between community security and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) is a largely omitted topic in most current policy approaches and is relatively unexplored in both academic and policy literature.The few available reports indicate that community security and community-based DDR initiatives have something to offer and can not only complement state-centred approaches, but may even substitute them when the state is unable, unwilling or unavailable to carry out its tasks.For instance, in many conflict and post-conflict settings, local-level security initiatives provide local forms of protection or security zones, or involve communities in disarmament and reintegration or the monitoring thereof.They may further act as interlocutors between vulnerable populations and formal and non-state security actors.This report reviews the existing literature on the link between community security and DDR processes.It was produced by the working group Community Security and Community-based DDR in Fragile States that is part of the Peace Security and Development (PSD) network.This working group has three main objectives.The first objective is to examine the current state of affairs with regard to community security and DDR policies and programmes, whether initiated from above by state or multilateral agencies or from below by NGOs and communities.This is the main focus of this report, and also constitutes the first phase of the research project.The second objective is to design context-specific approaches for community-based DDR that can enhance the human security of populations affected by conflict and can help prevent the proliferation of (small) arms (and light weapons).While the present report intends to provide a first impetus to this, follow-up research and field work will be undertaken in four countries -Burundi, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Sudan.The third objective is the sharing and dissemination of the results to relevant audiences, both while the study is ongoing and after the completion of the work. Community SecuritySecurity is to a large extent in the eye of the beholder: it depends on the perceptions individuals and communities have of their security.Community security is defined to constitute both an end state -in which communities feel secure from threats exerted by violent conflict, arms proliferation, crime, and a lack of protection or direct threat by the state -and a process -in which communities participate in identifying and prioritizing their security needs as well as appropriate responses to meet these needs.Various ways can be identified in which communities organize their own security, such as traditional systems and peace committees, Gun-Free Zones or community-based policing.Communities find these ways to provide for their own security sometimes with, but also without outside help.Initiatives like these may provide entry points for DDR programmes to become more community-based and hence more sustainable from a community security perspective.However, little literature exists about community security and more research is necessary. 3.3.4.Part of Broader Peacebuilding.............
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,008 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,007 | 0,008 |
| Communication savante | 0,008 | 0,010 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,010 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,027 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».