Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among HIV Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Rwanda
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Donatha Uwanyirigira,1,2 Emmanuel Biracyaza,3,4 Innocent Uzabakiriho,2 Jared Omolo,5 François Hakizayezu,1 Manasse Nzayirambaho1 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; 2Byumba District Hospital, Ministry of Health, Byumba, Rwanda; 3School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Montréal; 4Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Institut Universitaire Sur la Réadaptation En Déficience Physique de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; 5Field Epidemiology Training Program (FELTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Rwanda, Kigali, RwandaCorrespondence: Donatha Uwanyirigira, Tel +250788459752, Email uwanyidonatha@gmail.comIntroduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are influential elements contributing to hypertension, which is a public health concern particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where its underdiagnosis and limited investigation persist. Moreover, hypertension prevails at higher rates among individuals living with HIV (PLWH) in comparison to the general population. Therefore, our study determined the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among PLWH who are undergoing ART treatment at Byumba District Hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 406 PLWH over the age of 14 years who were undergoing ART within the HIV department. We performed statistical analyses using STATA version 13. Significant independent variables identified in the bivariate analysis were further exported in a multivariable logistic regression model to ascertain their association with hypertension. This model elucidated factors associated with hypertension, presenting outcomes through odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%, which means that roughly 1 in 4 PLWH were hypertensive. Notably, individuals aged 41 years and above demonstrated a significant association with heightened hypertension [AOR = 4.49; 95% CI = 2.45– 8.21, p < 0.001] in contrast to those aged between 14 and 40 years. Additionally, smokers [AOR = 12.12; 95% CI = 4.48– 32.74, p < 0.001] and individuals with a family history of hypertension [AOR = 4.28; 95% CI = 1.01– 18.13, p = 0.049] demonstrated a higher likelihood of hypertension than their counterparts. Moreover, alcohol consumers [AOR = 5.5; 95% CI = 2.75– 10.9, p < 0.001] had an increased likelihoods of hypertension compared to non-drinkers. Lastly, diabetics were almost 6 times more likely to be hypotensive [AOR = 4.50; 95% CI = 2.55– 7.95, p = 0.018] when compared to those without diabetes.Conclusion: Our findings strongly underscore the urgency for the implementation of targeted programs aimed at enhancing awareness and comprehension of the factors and potential complications tied to hypertension among PLWH. Such programs could be integrated into routine HIV care services to provide patients with the information and skills required to manage their hypertension effectively.Keywords: hypertension, prevalence, people with human immunodeficiency virus, antiretroviral therapy, Byumba hospital
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».