Bioretention Systems for Stormwater Management: Assessment, Performance and Changes Over Time
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Bioretention systems function to mimic natural hydrology, by retaining stormwater runoff from routine rain events and returning it to infiltration and evapotranspiration, instead of runoff. This thesis consists of four studies which answer these research questions: How do we assess performance, and how does bioretention performance change over time? A systematic scoping review of 320 studies found that bioretention performance is defined in terms of hydrologic controls, while investigations into mechanisms of contaminant transport and fate are overlooked. Bioretention field research has been primarily conducted by a small number of institutions (26 institutions were responsible for 50% of the research) located mainly in high income countries, and primarily on new systems for a short period of time. \nFollowing the definition of performance, a field survey of mature systems (>3 years operation) was conducted on bioretention cells across Ontario, Canada. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (KSat) (a measure of hydrologic performance) was above minimum guidelines for all sites, and KSat improved for 6 of 9 sites. Soil-water interaction properties, such as plant available water and wilting point, more closely resembled loam soils than sandy soils, which may be due to the development of a soil structure over time. \nA more in-depth analysis of bioretention performance was conducted using a bioretention cell located in Vaughan, Ontario. The hydrologic and water quality performance was compared over two monitoring periods: new (immediately post-construction) and mature (4-5 years post-construction). The hydrologic performance was maintained in the mature system (median volume reductions of 100%) and mature effluent water quality was improved compared to the new condition for some parameters (e.g., dissolved solids, nitrogen species). A complete water balance of the system was performed using inflow, outflow and evapotranspiration data (via a weighing lysimeter). The water balance was further broken down by event size, where the event size was determined by rainfall frequency analysis. Recharge was the largest component of the water balance overall (86 % of inflow), and evapotranspiration was the next largest water balance component (7 % of inflow overall). Evapotranspiration was a significant component of inflow (21 %) when considering small events with a 50% chance of occurrence.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle