Comparative analysis of the usage of free-floating carsharing between Berlin and Calgary
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to investigate possible reasons, based on economic and city characteristics, for the different usage of free-floating carsharing between a car-dependent city (Calgary) and one non-car-dependent city (Berlin). This paper identifies factors that help a free-floating carsharing system to be successful in a city that scores poorly on com-monly known success factors of carsharing. Methods: Various factors were evaluated, namely, geographic and demographic market char-acteristics, the available transport systems and the costs and household spending of both cities. A dataset which describes the usage of free-floating carsharing in Berlin and Calgary from Au-gust 2016 to November 2016 was analyzed in this study. Results: Calgary’s car2go system has fewer rentals and fewer members than Berlin. Possible reasons lie in the different city characteristics and different cost structures. Both 85th percentile of the travel distance is approximately as long as the radius of the respective home area in both cities. Thus, the median travel distance and the median reservation/rental duration is shorter in Calgary than in Berlin. The fact that more than 70 % of rentals in Calgary arrive in, depart from or travel within areas with active parking management could be due to the fact that free-floating carsharing users do not need to pay extra for parking fees. The carsharing bookings in Calgary peak at midnight when the public transportation service shuts down. The peak could also be the result of the high number of 3-minute long rentals at this time. Neither the high number of 3-minute bookings, the midnight peak, nor the public transport service close down during night, can be observed in Berlin. Given that employees in downtown Calgary may prefer to use free-floating carsharing to run errands during lunchbreak, the carsharing bookings do not plummet during midday, in contrast to Berlin, which only has a limited number of short distance rentals and where the free-floating carsharing bookings follow a similar pattern to the two-humped car traffic volume graph. Conclusion: Given the focus of the departures and arrivals in Calgary in areas where parking fees are charged, active parking management could be a success factor for free-floating car-sharing in car-dependent cities. However, it is not advisable to solely enforce parking fees within select parts of the home area as individuals generally prefer to use the less expensive mode of transport; which is free-floating carsharing to travel from and to areas with active parking man-agement and their own car for any other trip. As a result, the city would not gain the benefits free-floating carsharing could provide. Recommendations: Based on the results of this study, it is advisable to investigate whether home area wide or city wide parking management and surcharges for trips to downtown could encourage Calgary’s members in to use the car2go in a way that it provides the most benefits from a city perspective.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».