Electrochemical treatment of recalcitrant waste, a study of chlorophenols and nitroaromatic compounds
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Electrochemical treatment was investigated as a treatment option for the oxidation of chlorophenols and the reduction of nitroaromatics. Chlorophenols are used in the manufacturing of pesticides and herbicides and are added to many formulations to prevent microbial growth. Nitroaromatics are associated with the explosives industry and have caused widespread contamination as a result of their use and manufacturing. Both compounds pose environmental threats as a result of their recalcitrance to chemical or biological oxidation. In the case of chlorinated phenols, we explored the problem of anode fouling which has previously hampered electrolytic treatment of phenolic compounds. Linear sweep voltammograms at a Pt anode were examined for phenols differing in the extent of chlorination. Passivation increased in parallel with the uncompensated resistance of the solution and occurred only at potentials at which water is oxidized, suggesting that the formation of the oligomer film involves attack of hydroxyl radicals on electrochemically oxidized substrate. Chronopotentiometry was used to deduce the oxidation potential of the chlorophenols (~1.3 V vs. saturated calomel electrode) and the number of electrons involved in oxidation; monochlorophenol and trichlorophenol required four electrons while pentachlorophenol required only two. During electrolysis, relative reactivities of congeners were anode-dependent, which we interpreted as different mechanisms of oxidation: direct electron transfer oxidation at PbO2 and hydroxyl radical attack at SnO2 and IrO 2. Voltammetry of nitroaromatics (2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) at pH 2 and at a mercury electrode was consistent with literature values (e.g. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; -0.18 V, -0.35 V, -0.48 V vs. saturated calomel electrode) suggesting electrolysis as a viable alternative to current techniques such as granular activated carbon and advanced oxidation processes. Dinitrotoluene was reduced at several cathodes with the most promising result at Ni-plated Ni wire were at 0.1 mA cm-2 with current efficiencies >80%. Subsequent treatment of the reduction products (aminotoluenes) was shown to be possible with enzymatic catalysis, air sparging and anodic oxidation. The latter alternative was the most successful in terms of efficiency and simplicity.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».