Effects of flavouring additives on feed intake and immune function of newly received feedlot cattle
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Ninety Angus × Hereford steers (259.9 ± 36.18 kg BW) were used in a 56-d experiment to assess the effects of flavouring additives on stimulating feed intake and immune function of newly received feedlot cattle. Steers were homogenously distributed by body weight (BW) into six pens (15 head/pen) and pen was randomly assigned to one of three treatments (two pens/treatment): a standard feedlot receiving diet (CT), or the same diet with a flavouring additive comprised of either sweeteners (SW) or a mix of basic tastes (MX) at 1 g/kg (Lucta SA, Barcelona, Spain). Pens were equipped with a feed intake monitoring system (Growsafe Systems, Airdrie, Canada), while BW, chute behaviour, flight speed, blood samples, saliva samples were collected bi-weekly and hair samples were collected at 4-week intervals during the study. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model accounting for repeated measures with steers as the experimental unit, except for chute behaviour, where a non-parametric one-way ANOVA was used. There were multiple treatment × time interactions (P < 0.05). Meal size was greater for SW than CT on wk 3 and than MX on wk 4 and 5, and it was greater for MX than CT and SW on wk 3 and 7, respectively. The daily number of visits to the feed bunk was greater for MX than CT on wk 2, for SW than MX on wk 4, and for CT than in MX and SW on wk 4, and wk 7 and 8, respectively. The eating rate was greater for SW than MX and CT on wk 4 and 5, and on wk 4 than MX, respectively. Although the effects on DMI, average daily gain, and feed efficiency (FE; kg BW/kg DM) were not significant (P > 0.1) over the 56-d feeding period, FE and ADG were greater (P < 0.05) in SW and MX than CT from d 27 to 41, and ADG was lower for SW and MX steers than CT from d 15 to 28. Haptoglobin concentration in blood also showed a treatment × time interaction (P < 0.05), where SW steers had lower concentrations than CT on d 14. Blood fibrinogen and serum amyloid A concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) on d 1 than the rest of the days. Neutrophil percentage was greater (P <0.01) on d 56 than d 28, whereas lymphocyte percentage was lower (P < 0.01) on d 56 than d 28. Hair and saliva cortisol concentration were lower (P < 0.01) on d 56 compared to d 1 and 28, respectively. The use of flavouring additives, and mostly the one based on sweeteners, caused some positive changes in the feeding pattern and haptoglobin concentration of newly received steers. These changes, however, were not consistent over the 56-d feeding period and were not accompanied by a change in their growth performance, temperament, or in the biomarkers of stress, inflammation, or immune function. A different combination of flavouring agents, dose, or strategy to use flavouring agents (one flavour profile vs. a rotation of flavours over time) should be explored in future research trials to further assess the efficacy of these additives in newly received feedlot cattle.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».