Esa Caves: training astronauts for SPACE exploration
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The first spaceflight was several decades ago, and yet extraterrestrial exploration is only at the beginning and has mainly\nbeen carried out by robotic probes and rovers sent to extraterrestrial planets and deep space. In the future human extraterrestrial\nexploration will take place and to get ready for long periods of permanence in space, astronauts are trained during long\nduration missions on the International Space Station (ISS). To prepare for such endeavours, team training activities are\nperformed in extreme environments on Earth, as isolated deserts, base camps on Antarctica, or stations built on the bottom\nof the sea, trying to simulate the conditions and operations of space. Space agencies are also particularly interested in the\nsearch of signs of life forms in past or present extreme natural environments, such as salt lakes in remote deserts, very deep\nocean habitats, submarine volcanic areas, sulphuric acid caves, and lava tubes. One natural environment that very realistically\nmimics an extraterrestrial exploration habitat is the cave. Caves are dark, remote places, with constant temperature, many\nlogistic problems and stressors (isolation, communication and supply difficulties, physical barriers), and their exploration\nrequires discipline, teamwork, technical skills and a great deal of behavioural adaptation. For this reason, since 2008 the\nEuropean Space Agency has carried out training activities in the subterranean environment and the CAVES project is one of\nthose training courses, probably the most realistic one. CAVES stands for Cooperative Adventure for Valuing and Exercising\nhuman behaviour and performance Skills, and is meant as a multidisciplinary multicultural team exploration mission in a\ncave. It has been developed by ESA in the past few years (2008–2011) and is open for training of astronauts of the ISS Partner\nSpace Agencies (USA, Russia, Japan, Canada, and Europe). Astronauts are first trained for 5 days to explore, document and\nsurvey a karst system, then take on a cave exploration mission for 6 days underground. A team of expert cave instructors, a\nHuman Behaviour and Performance facilitator, scientists and video reporters, ensure that all tasks are performed in complete\nsafety and guides all these astronauts’ activities. During the underground mission the astronauts’ technical competences are\nchallenged (exploring, surveying, taking pictures), their human behaviour and decision-making skills are debriefed, and they\nare required to carry out an operational programme which entails performing scientific tasks and testing equipment, similarly\nto what they are required to do on the ISS. The science program includes environmental and air circulation monitoring,\nmineralogy, microbiology, chemical composition of waters, and search for life forms adapted to the cavern environment. The CAVES 2012 Course will be explained and the first interesting scientific results will be presented.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».