Investigation of Electrochemical and Hybrid Microbial Desalination Cells for Environmental Applications
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ABSTRACT\n Road salt is a global problem especially in cold countries that are focused on road safety in urbanized and big cities. On an average approximately 5 million tonnes of road salt is applied on Canadian highways annually. Road salt impacts aquatic ecosystems, bridges, buildings and corrodes metal structures. Therefore the treatment of road salt is important and needs to be studied.\nIn this study, a batch lab-scale 3-compartment electrochemical desalination cell was invented and studied to reduce NaCl(aq) (model of road salt) through the utilization of NaBH4/H2O2 redox reaction. Using of several commercial cation exchange and anion exchange membranes desalination was shown to be successful. The average road salt concentrations around City of London, ON was found to be 12 to 18 g/L, which the fuel cell was built based on. Operating in the batch regime, the CMI-7000 in combination with AMI-7001 membrane pairs assisted in the removal of sodium ions with ~98.9%; whereas; the removal of chloride ions was ~99%. Over maximum of 9-hour runtime, the total desalination rate (TDR) for NaCl was 0.70 g.L-1/hr. Other salts such as MgCl2(aq), CaCl2(aq) and KCl(aq) were desalination almost completely in the same lab-scale 3-compartment electrochemical desalination cell in the batch regime. The borohydride/peroxide cell in the batch regime has demonstrated its viability for the desalination of salt solutions.\nSecond, the 3-compartment electrochemical desalination cell at batch regime with external mixing was studied for faster desalination. It was also used to study additional five different sets of process parameters. Over maximum of approximately 7-hour runtime, the total desalination rate for NaCl was 2.4 times better for batch regime with mixing (1.65 g.L-1/hr) in comparison to static batch regime (0.70 g.L-1/hr).\nThird, a 3-compartment electrochemical desalination cell (EDC) was studied utilizing the energy from NaBH4/H2O2 redox reaction in the continuous regime. Five different sets of parameters in the continuous regime were examined. Desalination rate is fastest with continuous regime, where on average the total desalination rate for NaCl was 7.6 times better for continuous regime(5.32 g.L-1/hr) in comparison to batch regime (0.70 g.L-1/hr).\nFourth, a batch lab-scale microbial desalination cell (MDC) was studied. Its performance was compared to that in the previous work (EDC in the batch regime) to reduce the salt concentration by utilizing the energy from sodium acetate/potassium ferricyanide redox reaction. This 3-compartment sodium acetate /NaCl /potassium ferricyanide cell was effective in desalinating NaCl (modeled road salt); however, it is slower. Total Desalination Rate for EDC was 0.70 g.L1/hr; whereas, MDC’s TDR was 0.20 g.L-1/hr. This microbial desalination cell in the batch regime was advantageous because it utilizes wastewater’s energy in desalination.\nIn addition, a lab-scale hybrid Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC)/EDC was invented and studied to remove NaCl(aq) by utilizing the NaBH4/Fe2(SO4)3 redox chemical reaction in the batch regime. Preliminary runs were “offline”; whereas, “inline” test runs were explored when hybrid MDC/EDC was attached to the bioreactor. The Total Desalination Rate-* this system was 1.1 g.L-1/hr; whereas, MDC’s TDR was 0.20 g.L-1/hr. All the different studies of electrochemical and bio-electrochemical desalination cells are novel work and can be scaled-up.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».