Les politiques de qualité sanitaire des aliments en droit international, Union Européenne, USA, Canada, et France.Quelles organisations sont envisageables pour améliorer la sécurité sanitaire des aliments au Liban ?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Following the establishment of the Lebanese food safety authority (LFSA) in the food safety draft law, this study aims to find the appropriate food safety governance system in Lebanon in accordance with the risk analysis and the clauses of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement. It describes the regulatory and institutional food safety governance system developed in USA, EU, Canada and France to profit from their previous experience in this field. The findings indicate that Lebanon showed compliance with the clauses of the WTO but it will not be for the interest of Lebanon to join the WTO before it strengthens its infrastructure capacity at the institutional and stakeholders level through harmonization of the risk assessment and risk management at the institutional level and at all stages of the food chain. Lebanon should rely on bilateral and multilateral agreements by carrying out equivalence that fits his socio-economic situation based on risk assessment. As it was shown in the studied countries, power given to the food safety authority depends on the willing of the country to adopt the political democratic approach or political scientific approach. Risk management and risk assessment were not always functionally and institutionally separated. Lebanon within its political and socio-economical situation will meet constraints if it relies only on scientific justification, it should adopt the political democratic approach and ensure collaboration among risk assessment agencies and risk management at different levels.The studied countries showed different food safety systems. The results of the SWOT analysis on possible scenarios taken from models used in the studied countries have shown that the models taken in North America are interesting in their proximity of work between the risk assessors and the risk managers. In order for Canada to avoid the conflict of work between the FDA and the USDA, it has created a single inspection agency (CFIA). However, the system used in the United States and Canada cannot be applied in its proximity of work between risk assessment and risk management in Lebanon, as the risk management in Lebanon belongs to different Ministries . The system used in France is more suitable for the case of Lebanon, but this system cannot solve the overlap of work between concerned ministries and does not place the risk assessment in proximity with the risk management.The results of the SWOT analysis showed the need to create an inspection and control agency. In this case the risk assessment, developed along with the development of the food technology, will be in proximity with the inspection, monitoring and control tasks of the ministries while avoiding any conflict of political decision with them. The analysis of a particular Lebanese dairy case showed that there is a lack of data transmission between the three ministries (MOH- MOA- MOET) and the risk assessment agency in the scenario close to the North America model. Also, it has shown an overlap of work and a lack of data transmission for the monitoring and control process between the ministries in the scenario close to the French model. This situation should be solved by adopting the proposed model which creates a single agency for inspection, monitoring and control process close to the assessment agency.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».