Monitoring and modeling of runoff generating areas in a small agricultural watershed
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
It is presently well-known that more than 50% of total water quality impairment originates from non-point sources (NPS) of pollution. As an important NPS pollutant, runoff from agricultural lands contributes to water quality problems more than other non-point sources. Therefore, the identification and quantification of runoff generation areas is crucial for source water protection and nutrient management. Runoff generation is a complicated landscape process, affected by various factors in different seasons of the year. In this research, monitoring and modeling were selected as two important approaches to identify the mechanisms of runoff generation, runoff generating areas (RGAs) and its variability in time and space in a small agricultural watershed in southern Ontario. A wireless sensor network (WSN) was designed to monitor runoff generating areas in the study watershed with the ability to measure the depth of surface runoff and soil moisture over ten minutes time intervals. Eight pressure and soil moisture sensors were installed at the outlet of eight fields in the watershed. Data from eighteen natural rainfall events for the period from July 2008 to April 2009 were analyzed to study the spatial and temporal variability of runoff generation areas in the study watershed. The results showed that runoff generating areas in the watershed are highly dynamic in summer, fall and spring with differences in 100%-contribution-status persistency. The results also indicated that 15% of the watershed generates 75% of surface runoff during summer, 100% in fall and 45% during spring. In spite of the dynamic nature of RGAs, the sensitivity of different fields in the watershed in response to rainfall events remained constant, such that some specific fields responded first in all three seasons. This finding led to the introduction of a Slope/Area index for the identification of sensitive fields in the study watershed. Statistical analyses of the factors affecting RGAs indicated that the factors affecting the spatial and temporal variability of RGAs in three seasons vary; however, the soil moisture and rainfall intensity played important roles in the runoff generation mechanism and variability of contributing areas in all seasons. Based on monitored results and field observations, a hydrological model was developed to simulate runoff generating area and to classify the sensitivity of the fields to runoff generation on the basis of the modified Soil Conservation Service Curve Number approach. The model was able to identify the fields that generate runoff and classify the sensitivity of the fields in the watershed. The developed model could simulate RGAs for the summer season with higher degree of accuracy than fall. The developed model needs further improvements for simulation of runoff generating area in the spring season.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».