The national policy.

What produced the National Policy of the United States 1 We find that in 1789, they started with a revenue tariff of 8^p er cent.; a year or two afterwards it was increased to 11p er cent.; in 1792 it was further advanced to 13 J per cent.; and in 1816 they commenced their National Policy.What caused them to inaugurate that policy in 1816?It was the war of 1812.They found they were depending on England for the guns with which to fight her, for the powder and shot for the army, for cloth for the clothing of the soldiers, for blankets to cover the troops ; and so they settled the war question, and immediately afterwards they inaugurated the National Policy, which averaged 21 per cent.That continued for four years.After the next presidential election in 18^0, what did the manufacturers of England dol They rented warehouses at the seat of Government in the United States and brought manufactured goods there to prove that they could not be manufactured cheaper in the United States.What did the people of the United States say 1 They said if we ever intend to be a great, prosperous and independent nation, we must bring manufactures to this country, so that our people will be benefited by having the factories established here.They said we do not object to English manufacturers selling goods here, but to our people being compelled to take their farm produce to England, leave the money there and bring back manufactured goods.We have no objection to English manufacturers selling goods to the people of the United States, they said, but we intend to impose such high protective duties as will compel English manufacturers to come to the United States and manufacture their goods, and thus our people will spend their money at home.In 1820 the tariff was advanced to 26 per cent.Four years afterwards it was increased to 38 per cent.; in 1828 to 42 per cent.; 1832 the compromise tariff was introduced, which was on a sliding scale for 10 years, reducing 2 per cent, per annum, which had the effect of diminishing the duties from 42 per cent, to 20 per cent.After the ten years the tariff was increased to 33 per cent., then it was reduced to 24 per cent., and in 1857 it was reduced to a revenue tariff of 19 per cent.Tn 1861 it was decreased, and in 1872 it was increased.What is it to-day"?It averages 40 per cent, on cottons, over 61 per cent, on cloths, over 53 per cent, on carpets, and on leaf tobacco grown in any other country, 35 cents per pound.If the arguments used by hon.gentlemen opposite be correct, the consumers of leaf tobacco in the United States must pay 35 cents per pound additional.What is the Tariff to-day in this country 1 On woollen blankets and cloths, 7 \ cents per lb.and 20 per cent.; cottons, 35 per cent, and 25 per cent, on hats. THE RECIPROCITY TREATY AND ITS ABROGATION.What produced the National Policy in this country 1 We had a Reciprocity Treaty with the United States for a period of ten years, from 1856 to 1866.At the time of its abrogation, what did the Americans say 1 They said we are establishing a protective policy ; we think the best course to pursue is not to renew the Reciprocity Treaty, and they would not renew it.Then we had to do that which we thought best for ourselves.What did hon.gentlemen opposite do when they were in power] They sent Hon.George Brown to Washington at an expense of $6,000 to see if he could not bring about another Reciprocity Treaty.The Americans, however, said to him that he had better return to Canada, that they had a Reciprocity Treaty for ten years and did not want another, that they were very well satisfied with their trade policy, and when they wanted reciprocity with Canada they would let the Dominion know.It was when the hon.gentleman came back that the leader of the Conservative party, though he was in Opposition, asked hon.gen- tlemen to bring down a protective Tariff, and the Conservative party would assist them in carrying it out.When the ex-Finance Minister was urged to adopt this policy, he stood up in the House and said they were nothing but flies on the wheel of this grea* nation, and that it would be useless to attempt to do anything of this Kind.As I said on a former occasion, they are nothing but flies on the wheel, and they are like all other flies.If you have a sore on your hand, first one fly comes, then another, and another, until it is covered with flies, not for the purpose of trying to heal the sore, but to make it worse.If we

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