Review of <i>A History of Migration from Germany to\nCanada, 1850-1939</i> By Jonathan Wagner
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
German speakers have been important migrants to the Great Plains, but in Canada most came not from Germany, but from Eastern Europe. Given the low numbers that came to Canada from the Reich itself, Jonathan Wagner's study is more about explaining the country's failure to attract Germans than about their actual migration. According to Wagner, this failure can be explained by Canada's later and less complete industrialization, which meant that its "perceived needs could not win converts in the more industrialized Germany." While Canada was seeking immigrants to farm the wide-open spaces of the Canadian prairies, Germany was already an industrialized nation with few farmers left to be attracted.\nWagner's organization is chronological with chapters examining the 1850s and 60s, 1870 to 1890, 1890 to 1914, and 1919 to 1939. Each chapter examines the political and economic realities of the two countries, the methods of recruiting or restricting migrants, the agents and agencies that assisted them, and the conditions of travel. This organization contributes to one of the book's problems: excessive repetition. Wagner is forced to return frequently to the same conclusions: Canada's recruitment policies and promotional efforts were out of step with realities in Germany; its bias towards British immigrants prevented capturing a significant portion of the large flow of Germans to North America. Although the much larger migration to the United States looms in the background of this study, it is seldom addressed explicitly. The one explanation offered-namely, that Germans did not come to Canada because there were few Germans already there-is somewhat circular and fails to satisfy.\nWagner is much more successful in analyzing the role of propaganda and immigration agents and agencies. He offers important and interesting insights into how an image of Canada, particularly the Canadian West, was created in comparison to that of the American West as portrayed in the widely read novels of James Fenimore Cooper and native German authors such as the popular Karl May, who emulated Cooper's style. The more "sober, peaceful Canada" portrayed by Germans who had travelled in Canada and had their reflections paid for and published by the Canadian government could not compete with this romanticized American West.\nWagner's analysis uses the framework of modernization as brought by industrialization and seeks to explain German migration to Canada in these terms. While his stated purpose may not be completely fulfilled, Wagner's study of German migration to Canada fills an important void in our understanding of host and sending countries' response to migration. In particular, his analysis of the production of images and perceptions of the migration process sheds new light on a neglected area of migration studies.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».