SOIL PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN EXPORT AND RETENTION IN RAINFALL RUN-OFF FROM MANURED LANDSCAPES
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Rainfall run-off from manured agricultural fields can be high in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) due to excess nutrient application that is unused by crops. This can pose the risk of eutrophication of nearby surface water bodies receiving run-off. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of precision variable rate application of feedlot cattle manure compared to traditional constant rate applications on nutrient losses in rainfall run-off. A silage barley field at the Livestock and Forage Center of Excellence (LFCE) research facility near Clavet, SK was used for the field study. Additionally, the ability of gypsum and biochar to reduce nutrient losses in leachate was evaluated in a controlled environment study. For the field study, three zones utilizing different nutrient application strategies with three replicate micro-watersheds within each zone were used. The zones were precision variable rate manure application with setbacks from micro-watershed basins, traditional constant rate manure application with no setbacks, and a commercial fertilizer (control) application zone which only received annual synthetic fertilizer applications. The manured zones received manure applications in the spring of 2019 and 2021. Rainfall simulations were conducted in each micro-watershed at different landscape positions (upper east, upper west and depression) in the summers of 2021 and 2022 and nutrient concentrations were measured in the collected run-off. For the controlled environment study, nutrient concentrations in actual rainfall collected from the constant rate and variable rate manure zones was measured before and after being added to columns of soil that were either unamended, or amended with cattle manure-derived biochar or gypsum to determine the effectiveness of these amendments in removing nutrients from leachate. The mean concentrations of total dissolved and soluble reactive P (SRP) in simulated rainfall run-off from the landscape positions were significantly lower in the variable rate manure zone than the constant rate zone in the year of manure application. Biochar did not sorb any nutrients from leachate except for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) in the 2022 season. Both biochar and gypsum contributed ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) to leachate consistently, and gypsum sorbed SRP from leachate in both study years. The contributions of nutrients from biochar to leachate is attributed to the biochar feedstock material (manure) containing high concentrations of nutrients. Variable rate manure application with setbacks may be considered a suitable management practice to limit the export of nutrients in run-off, thus limiting potential negative environmental impacts. Further research is needed to better characterize the contribution/ sorption of nutrients by biochar and gypsum.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».