Surgical Site Infections in a Small Animal Hospital in a Developing Country
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are the most frequently occurring type of complications associated with small animal surgical procedures and the most common of all healthcare-associated infection in small animal practice. SSI rates are one of the outcome measures for the success of surgical procedures while risk factors are determinants of the burden associated with occurrence of SSIs. It has been demonstrated in human medicine that SSI rates vary significantly between developing and developed countries. Generally, risk factors are the similar between these groups of countries, however, there may be additional factors that account for the added burden of these infections. It is assumed that similar differences exist for small animal surgical practice among developing and developed nations. This study sought to better understand the challenges and constraints associated with the practice of small animal surgery in a developing, tropical country by determining SSI rates, risk factors, antibiotic use practices as well as the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection practices, using the Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of the West Indies (VTH-UWI), Trinidad and Tobago, as a model. Small animal SSI rate over a three-year period for the VTH-UWI was 8.5%; the SSI rate for dogs was 8.6% while the rates for cats was 6.5%. Risk factors associated with development of SSIs in dogs are being a purebred dog other than a Rottweiler, Belgian Malinois, Labrador Retriever or Doberman Pinscher, increasing body weight, unknown ASA status and more than two surgical procedures per anesthetic period. Regression analysis could not be performed for cats as only a small number (two) were SSI positive. The classes of antibiotics most commonly used in the perioperative period were penicillins and cephalosporins. There were a limited number of culture and sensitivity panels performed, but these showed multidrug resistance showing the penicillins and cephalosporins to be ineffective. The cleaning and disinfection practices of the VTH-UWI were considered substandard. Poor infrastructure design; limited material, equipment and personnel resources as well as absence of a written infection prevention and control program were factors that contributed to deficits in the process. Data from the VTH-UWI show that differences exist between developing and developed countries with respect to the challenges associated with small animal SSIs.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».