Walking Balance Control in Different Real-World Settings: Individual-, Task-, and Environment-Based Influences
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background Maintaining balance while walking in different settings is important for independent living and quality of life. The influence of setting on walking balance control is yet to be established and may contribute new information regarding reported changes to spatiotemporal gait parameters between settings. Walking in different settings is likely impacted by complex interactions between characteristics of individual (e.g., sex, body height, body mass), tasks (e.g., speed), and the environment (e.g., pathway width) that are currently not well understood. Purpose To characterize the effects of individual, task, and environment characteristics on walking balance control in different settings for young adults. A portable inertial and magnetic measurement unit (IMMU) based motion capture system was used to examine walking balance control in different settings. Methods and results Study 1: This study examined the effects of setting and sex on balance control during walking at different speeds in young adults. Forty-two adults (21 male (23 ± 4 years), 21 female (24 ± 5 years)) completed overground walking trials in four settings: laboratory (10 m), hallway, indoor open, and outdoor pathway settings (all 20 m in length) at three speeds (slow, preferred, fast). Significant setting by speed interactions (p < .001) were present for medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) total body angular momentum range (HML range and HAP range) and centre of mass time to boundary (COMTTB). HML range was greater in the laboratory and hallway compared to the indoor open and outdoor pathway setting for slow speed only. HAP range and COMTTB had lower values in the outdoor pathway compared to all indoor settings at slow and preferred speeds. COMTTB had lower values in the indoor open setting compared to the laboratory and hallway at preferred speeds. Differences in HAP range and COMTTB between settings were more pronounced at the slow speed condition. Across setting and speed conditions, HML range was greater for males compared to females. Study 2: This study examined the impact of setting and speed condition on the variance explained by body height and body mass after controlling for stride velocity and sex. Seventy-seven adults (36 male (24 ± 4 years), 41 female (24 ± 5 years)) completed 20 m overground walking trials in a hallway and an open setting at three speeds (slow, preferred, fast). For all walking outcomes, the variance explained by body height and body mass differed between settings by less than the amount of variance needed for statistical significance at all speed conditions. Body height explained a significant amount of variance in COMTTB, stride length normalized to body height (SLN), and cadence. Body mass explained a significant amount of variance in HML range, COMTTB, and cadence. Study 3: This study examined the effects of different lateral pathway constraints and sex on walking in young adults. Thirty-eight adults (17 male (25 ± 3 years), 21 female (24 ± 4 years)) completed overground walking trials in settings with different lateral constraints: open (no constraints), open pathway (1.9 m pathway width defined by lines on the floor), and hallway (1.9 m pathway width defined by walls). In each setting, 20 m trials were completed at three speeds (slow, preferred, fast). SLN was longer in the open compared to the open pathway setting. Stride velocity, SLN, and cadence increased from slow to preferred to fast speed conditions. Double support phase percentage (%DS), HML range, HAP range, and COMTTB decreased from slow to preferred to fast speed conditions. Across settings and at slow speeds, females had larger SLN and lower %DS compared to males. Females had higher cadence compared to males across setting and speed conditions. COMTTB was longer for males compared to females across setting and speed conditions. Conclusion Results from all three studies collectively highlight the importance of considering biological sex for accurate and inclusive walking balance control assessments. Study 1 results indicate that setting characteristics, such as walkway length and the outdoor environment, may be important to consider with walking balance control assessments. The results of Study 2 imply that: sex, body height, and body mass may need to be considered in walking assessments for accurate and generalizable interpretations; and the influence of sex, body height, and body mass on walking could be similar between settings with unobstructed walkways. Results of Study 3 suggest that walking behaviour in wide hallways may be comparable to walking behaviour in large indoor open settings.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».