Contribution of organic agriculture to global sustainable food security
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Organic agriculture has been proposed as a more sustainable alternative to current conventional agriculture.The debate about organic agriculture is, however, often polarized and ideologically charged and not sufficiently informed by scientific evidence.In order to assess the potential contribution of organic agriculture to sustainable food security we need to systematically evaluate the costs and benefits of this farming system across multiple dimensions.In this thesis I evaluate organic agriculture through several different lenses -from an agronomic, an ecological, a social, and a policy perspective.I start by examining the yield performance of organic agriculture, concluding that organic yields are, on average, significantly lower than conventional yields, but that under certain circumstances they can nearly match those from conventional systems.From an xv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Because I could not say it any better, I want to start with the words with which Patrick Heller begins his book about the labour movement in Kerala:"A very wise and famous sociologist once told me that good scholarship was first and foremost about humility.He then went on to say that if you think you have an original idea, it only means you have a lousy memory.This book is the sum total of many ideas that I have absorbed, pilfered, and possibly mangled, from many different people, some of whom I remember, some of whom I don't.My thanks and apologies to all of them."-Patrick Heller, The Labour of development: workers and the transformation of capitalism in Kerala, India.This PhD has been a long and wonderful journey, the most important component of which were the people I met on the way and who have directly or indirectly contributed to this thesis.I will attempt to mention as many as I can, but there are countless others who have contributed to the thinking, the data and the science going into this thesis who have to go unnamed here.First of all I want to thank my supervisor Navin Ramankutty for being the best supervisor I could possibly have imagined.He allowed me to ramble and to explore, to follow my curiosity, and to learn.He was a mentor who not only challenged me intellectually, exposed me to new ideas, who pushed and guided me through the process of writing this thesis, but also a mentor who supported me in my development as a young scientist beyond the thesis.If it was not for him I would not be where I am.Most of all, however, I thank him for teaching me that there are more questions than answers, and that this is good so.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,022 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».