Effects of Prophylactic β-glucan Administration Against Non-Muscle Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. The gold-standard treatment is transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) followed by intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), but this treatment is associated with significant limitations including a high recurrence rate and high rate of adverse effects. While the therapeutic mode of BCG is not fully known, there is evidence that BCG-mediated systemic acquisition of trained immunity may play a role. This thesis examined the role of β-glucan, an immunogenic polysaccharide, as a potential alternative treatment for NMIBC. Like BCG, β-glucan has also been demonstrated to induce epigenetic changes characteristic of trained immunity, but unlike BCG, β-glucan is not a live bacterium, and thus may be associated with a reduced likelihood of adverse effects. Hypothesis: Systemic administration of β-glucan is effective against bladder cancer. Materials & Methods: Two groups of C57BL/6 mice were pretreated intraperitoneally with β-glucan or PBS twice prior to intravesical instillation of MB49-Luc cells, a murine urothelial carcinoma cell line transfected with luciferase. To assess tumour growth, in vivo bioluminescence imaging was used. Mice were euthanized 10 days after tumour cell instillation; bladders and tumour-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs) were collected and subjected to flow cytometry. Analysis of tumour growth was repeated in a separate experiment. Mice following the same dosing protocol were subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation 6 days after β-glucan administration, followed by euthanasia and blood collection 4 hours later. Cytokine concentrations in the collected blood were analyzed. Results: A significant reduction in overall tumour burden was noted in the repeated experiment assessing tumour growth, as was a significant reduction in initial tumour growth. This inhibition of tumour growth was associated with a significant increase in Interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) in a separate cohort of β-glucan-treated mice. Proportions of several immune cells were significantly altered in the tdLNs of β-glucan treated mice. Conclusions: Overall, results point to a therapeutic benefit of β-glucan in the treatment/prevention of bladder cancer. Given the discrepancy in the findings of the tumour growth experiments, additional studies are warranted. Evidence of acquisition of trained immunity following β-glucan administration further supports the concept that the therapeutic benefit of β-glucan may be mediated by trained immunity; however, mechanistic studies are needed to establish causality.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».