Designing ligands for conjugation to gold nanoshells for multitasking
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Completing this thesis and earning an M. Sc.In chemistry at McGill is certainly the most difficult task I have ever set out to accomplish.It would have been very easy (and more than very tempting) to give up at any time, the easy option is almost never the right one.This thesis was worth all of the time and effort that was needed to complete it.I would like to take a little bit of the page count to thank all the people that have helped me along this journey.The first person that I would like to thank is my supervising professor Dr.Ashok Kakkar.Without his help, knowledge and support I would not have been able to complete this degree.My labmates deserve a very big cheer and a very big thank you for all of their invaluable help and advice they have given me, but also for enduring my antics and making this experience all the better.I would like to thank Yu-Chen Wang for her immense heart, loving personality and joyous smile.I have never met a kinder or sweeter person than Yu-Chen.More than once she checked on an over-weekend reaction for me or closed my pump when I forgot to do so.Her perpetually bubbly personality and good mood are quite contagious.And she gives the best hugs.I would like to thank Tina Lam for her immeasurable amount of help and advice.Anytime I would have any insecurity about a new reaction (especially a potentially hazardous one) she would be by my side AbstractGold nanoshells integrate non-cytotoxicity of gold, surface plasmon resonance properties and high-contrast imaging, yielding an efficient and ideal platform for biological imaging.For example, a probe that could detect atherosclerotic plaque, its composition, and its rupture behaviour, could lead to understanding and treating this high mobility disease.Gold nanoshells, due to their characteristic properties, especially upon conjugation of appropriate ligands, offer an exciting venue.This thesis presents a methodology for the development of multitasking gold nanoshell-based probes using carefully designed ligands to incorporate diversifying functions.Hollow gold nanoshells were synthesized using a sacrificial template method which has been optimized to produce nanoshells of the desired properties, with a plasmon absorption between 650 and 900 nm (the biological window).Monofunctional linear and dendritic ligands were designed and constructed to introduce multiple functions onto gold nanoshells including solubility and stealth (TEG), and dual imaging using fluorescence (BODIPY, Cy5.5).These ligands were covalently linked to the surface of gold nanoshells by exploiting the strong Au-S interaction, through a ligand exchange reaction.The dendritic ligands incorporating TEG were found to rupture nanoshells, a phenomenon attributed to the size difference between the dendritic ligand and the displaced citrate, where a void leads to compromised shell integrity.The ligands incorporating a dye linked at the optimum distance from the surface of gold nanoshells lead to fluorescence quenching.The conditions to optimize the latter
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».