Lower Trophic Relations within the Lake Ontario Invertebrate Community as Assessed by Chemical Tracers
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The lower trophic food web of Lake Ontario plays an important role in the lake’s ecosystem, yet the trophic relationships of these taxa are not well understood. Utilizing carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes as a tool to trace the flow of energy through the system, the main objective of this thesis was to understand the isotopic variability and trophic relationships of invertebrate taxa through space and season in Lake Ontario. Using an extensive dataset collected in 2012 and 2013, this study was conducted in two research chapters. The first chapter assessed variation in the isotopic signature of three important groups, two invertebrate species and particulate organic matter (POM). To account for lipid biases on δ13C, two lipid normalization models were developed for Mysis and Dressiends and were found to be more efficient for freshwater invertebrates than existing models for marine invertebrates and fish. Variation in the isotopic signature of POM was related to the variation in the amount of carbon and nitrogen in the water column as it changes throughout the year. Both δ13C and δ15N in Mysis showed similar seasonal trends to POM, a common baseline in freshwater systems, which demonstrates the pelagic diet of Mysis and the effectiveness of POM as a baseline for pelagic taxa. Dreissenid isotopes also followed POM, but had strong relationships with depth, suggesting that POM is less relevant of a baseline for this filter feeding species in the offshore. An increase in observed dreissenid δ15N with depth was attributed to a greater dependence on microbes in their diet. Chapter three focused on the resource partitioning of the lower trophic invertebrate functional feeding groups of Lake Ontario, including benthic invertebrates, sessile filter feeders, pelagic herbivores, and pelagic predators. Utilizing 13 taxa and quantifying isotopic niche for each taxon to compare across several seasonal and spatial variables, this study found a high degree of overlap in resource use among Lake Ontario functional invertebrate groups. Additionally, pelagic herbivores and sessile filter feeders were utilizing similar resources in the nearshore but utilized different resources in the offshore. Pelagic taxa in Lake Ontario were less sensitive to site depth than benthic taxa as productivity declines with depth from the surface. This study demonstrates that to accurately quantify energy pathways in Lake Ontario, and likely all large lakes, baselines should be sampled from both the nearshore and offshore. Further, stable isotope baselines are essential to understanding the isotopic variation of a system that is unrelated to diet, but they must be sampled thoroughly and well understood before conclusions about food web structure and function can be fully understood.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».