Long-Term Durability of Ordinary Portland Cement and Polypropylene Fiber Stabilized Soil
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Soft soil stabilization frequently uses cement, lime, fly ash, etc., but very limited studies were conducted on the long-term durability of stabilized soil. The present research work deals with the long-term durability of commercially available soil (i.e., EPK clay) stabilized with ordinary Portland cement and polypropylene fiber using a realistic approach, where the effect can be noticed in each weathering cycle. In the present study, two different tests (i.e., wetting-drying and freezing-thawing) were conducted to analyze the long-term durability of stabilized soil. Cycles of higher temperature followed by rainfall, which generally occurs in southern states of the US, were analyzed by the wetting-drying test; and on the other hand, cycles of freezing temperature followed by normal temperature, which generally occurs in northern states of the US and Canada, were analyzed by the freezing-thawing test. For the mid-continental region where freezing, normal, and higher temperature followed by rainfall are expected to occur, hence both the test method i.e., wetting-drying and freezing-thawing, were suggested. Laboratory experimental investigations were conducted to find the percentage loss of stabilized soil during wetting-drying and freezing-thawing tests, which were used as a durability indicator for cement and cement-fiber stabilized soil. Stabilized samples were subjected to harsh environmental conditions in a laboratory set up, and their deterioration was observed and studied after each wetting-drying and freezing-thawing cycle. In the real world, stabilized soil encounters seasonal cycles of monsoon and summer in long run of its service life which was simulated in rapid weathering cycles in laboratory setup. EPK clay samples were stabilized with different percentages of cement, and a mix of cement-fiber combination and were subjected to 12 cycles of wetting-drying and freezing-thawing cycles separately to determine the percentage loss of soil in accordance with the ASTM standards. Finally, based on percentage loss of soil of those stabilized samples which survived up to 12 cycles of weathering action, the optimum content of stabilizing agent was determined for wetting-drying and freezing-thawing tests. Results of wetting-drying tests indicate that EPK clay stabilized with ordinary Portland cement and fiber combination survived up to 12 cycles, but only 10% cement + 0.5% fiber was durable against wetting-drying based on percentage loss. For all the samples stabilized with 10% cement + 0.5% fiber combination, the percentage loss of soil when subjected to durability test was less than 7%, which satisfy the Portland Cement Association’s (PCAs) durability specification. The results of freezing-thawing tests indicate that the EPK clay stabilized with 10% cement, 5% cement + 0.5% fiber, and 10% cement + 0.5% fiber survived up to 12 cycles and were durable against freezing-thawing based on percentage loss of soil i.e., less than 7% which satisfy the Portland Cement Association’s durability specification.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».