Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Softwood and Hardwood Cross-Laminated Timbers
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product consisting of an odd number (three to seven) of lumber layers, which are glued in an orientation of each layer perpendicular to other. After its introduction, CLT has been widely adopted in Europe since 1990s and has quickly become popular in the US in the last decade as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional building materials such as concrete and steel. The first version of PRG-320 was published in 2012 for the US and Canada to help designers and builders understand the properties of CLT and use it safely. The current version of PRG-320 only allows the use of softwood species for commercial production of cross-laminated timber (CLT) in the US. However, recent studies have investigated the possibility of using hardwood species for CLT and have shown promising results. In parallel to this, the next version of PRG-320 is being revised to include hardwood species. The inclusion of hardwood species is an effort to increase the value of underutilized wood species in the United States. This study presents the results from testing of three-layer and five-layer CLTs manufactured using yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) as hardwood and southern pine (Pinus spp.) as softwood in different layers, defined as hybrid CLT. The purpose of this project was to compare the bending and shear properties in the major axis direction of hybrid CLT panels obtained from five-point, four-point, and three-point bending tests with the current ANSI/APA PRG-320 values, and also to evaluate their resistance to shear by compression loading and delamination according to ANSI A190.1 and AITC T110 standards, respectively. The bending strength and bending stiffness, except for some individual groups, as well as the shear strength and shear stiffness values exceeded the Grade V3 from PRG-320. However, the wood failure in resistance to shear by compression loading and face delamination in resistance to delamination were lower than the required values in the standards. The test results demonstrated that CLT groups consisting of yellow-poplar has strength and stiffness properties comparable to those consisting of southern pine. This suggests that yellow-poplar could be a promising alternative species to softwood in the production of CLTs.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,020 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle