Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Seeing SeeingThe past decades have seen great progress in our understanding of human visual perception.Important advances have occurred both in the techniques used and the conceptual frameworks developed.The result has been a great increase in our understanding of how we see, and the way that consciousness enters into it.Amidst all this, however, confusion has arisen on several fronts about particular issues, even to some extent about the bigger picture that is emerging.Part of this is due to inconsistencies in several of the technical terms used, which have retained some of the vagueness and ambiguity found in their original use in everyday language.Another source of confusion is the fact that many of the discoveries were converged on by researchers from different traditions, bringing with them different terminologies and styles of analysis.Finally, a certain amount of confusion is inevitable simply because progress has been so rapid, and our understanding still so incomplete.There are conceptual gaps and inconsistencies yet to be addressed, hindering our ability to obtain a clear picture of the situation.But although some of this confusion cannot be dispelled at the moment, much of it can.The goal here is to present a reasonably consistent (although necessarily incomplete) account of several key issues concerning conscious and nonconscious processes in vision, and to discuss some of the questions that still need to be answered. Rapid VisionWhen discussing visual perception, a natural place to begin is rapid vision, which comprises those processes occurring within the first few hundred milliseconds or so of stimulus onset (see e.g., Rensink & Enns, 1995, 1998).This aspect of vision is dominated by feedforward information flow: within 150 milliseconds this "first wave" can reach all areas of cortex (e.g., Lamme & Roelfsma, 2000).Rapid vision itself can be decomposed further based on distance from the initial input at the retina.Processes at the lowest levels involve retinotopic representations; at slightly higher levels, they become increasingly spatiotopic, involving relative rather than absolute spatial locations.All these processes are highly parallel, with operations carried out concurrently at many-and perhaps most-locations in the visual field.Processes that are both rapid and low-level constitute what is known as early vision.Historically, early processes were identified as "preattentive", i.e., acting before attention had a chance to operate.In this view, simple features were formed at this level (such as bars or colored patches) and then combined by visual attention into more complete objects (e.g., Treisman & Gormican, 1988).However, it has been found that relatively complex "protoobjects" of limited extent (a few degrees of visual angle) can be formed at this level, involving
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,414 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».