Phytoplankton Dynamics in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific Ocean During the 2019 Marine Heatwave
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Marine phytoplankton are responsible for nearly 50% of all the primary productivity on Earth, and their response to climate change and anomalous climatic events impacts biogeochemical cycling. During the summer of 2019, the NE Pacific Ocean experienced a warming event that caused sea surface temperature anomalies of up to 4 °C. These types of events, called marine heatwaves (MHW), are becoming more common globally but their effects on pelagic primary producers are not yet well understood. In September 2018 and August-September 2019, temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations, primary producer biomass, and uptake rates of carbon (ρC) and nitrogen (ρNO3) were measured along the Line P transect in the NE Pacific. Additionally, in August-September 2019, nitrate (NO3) and silicon (Si) uptake kinetic experiments were performed at five Line P stations in addition to five stations on the west coast of Vancouver Island to assess potential physiological limitation in phytoplankton from NO3 and Si. In 2019, temperatures in the euphotic zone along Line P were higher and the water column was more stratified at all stations than in 2018. Concentrations of dissolved NO3 and silicic acid (Si(OH)4) were anomalously low in 2019 and nutrient depletion extended approximately 500 km further offshore than in 2018. The Line P station closer to the shelf (P4) had a considerable reduction in chlorophyll-a (chl-a), biogenic silica (bSiO2) and the contribution of diatoms to the entire phytoplankton assemblage. From P4 to P20, the assemblage was dominated by small-celled phytoplankton (<5 um) in both years, but there was a relative increase in 2019. There were particularly unusual observations at the most oceanic station (P26) where the contribution of diatoms, concentrations of chl-a and bSiO2, and ρC, and ρNO3 were anomalously high in 2019 compared to regional averages. In 2019, the uptake of Si(OH)4 appeared to be substrate limited at the majority of stations while only station CS02 on the west coast of Vancouver Island appeared to have physiological limitation by NO3. Based on Michaelis-Menten uptake kinetics, half saturation constants (Km) ranged from 0.01-0.13 for NO3 and 2.33-18.3 for Si(OH)4, suggesting that assemblages are less efficient at Si uptake than NO3 uptake in the NE Pacific. Results from this study are consistent with observations from the other warming anomalies including the 2015 “blob” and the 1997/1998 ENSO event in the NE Pacific Ocean. The similarities observed during these ocean warming events suggest that phytoplankton in the NE subarctic Pacific may become increasingly susceptible to nutrient limitation, particularly from Si(OH)4, with increased stratification. Future investigations should focus on co-limitation studies of Fe and Si(OH)4, uptake rates of regenerated nitrogen sources, timing of bloom onsets, total annual biomass and trophic interactions with zooplankton during MHW events.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».