Sitting Ducks: The physiological and behavioural responses of incubating common eiders (Somateria mollissima) to heat stress in the Canadian Arctic
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Rising ambient temperatures driven by climate change can heighten an endotherm’s risk of heat stress, eliciting a physiological and behavioural response. Cold-specialist species may be particularly vulnerable to over-heating due to their adaptive ability to retain body heat in cold environments. Moreover, their risk of heat stress may be exaggerated during reproduction, when body temperatures and energetic workloads approach their annual maxima. In this study, I investigated whether a cold-specialist seaduck, the arctic-breeding common eider (Somateria mollissima), experiences heat stress during their incubation by examining their heart rate and incubation behaviour at Qikiqtakuluk (East Bay Island), a long-term breeding colony in the Qaqsauqtuuq (East Bay) Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Nunavut. Hens fast for roughly 25 days while incubating their eggs on sun-exposed nests. I used heart-rate data collected from incubating hens using a 3D-printed microphone egg in each nest during the summers of 2019, 2022, and 2023 (N= 62), as well as incubation behaviour recorded via temperature fluctuations from thermal probes in each nest in summers 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023 (N= 86). Recorded nest-level temperature was also recorded at each nest using hobo temperature pendants, and site-wide ambient temperature and weather factors (e.g. wind) were also measured using heat-stress tracking devices. I found significant temperature thresholds at which eiders begin to increase their heart rate and increase behavioural adjustments on the nest in response to heat stress. However, eiders are not yet experiencing high-enough temperatures in their environment to show statistically significant changes in their heart rate and behaviour. In addition, we found that weather factors contribute to eiders' physiological responses but not behavioural responses to heat stress. Further, hens' heart rates and behavioural adjustments increase later in the breeding season and during later stages of incubation, with later-laying hens also having higher heart rates. We conclude that eiders are not yet significantly heat-stressed during their incubation, but as temperatures continue to rise beyond our found temperature thresholds, incubating eiders may begin to experience significant energetic and behavioural costs of heat stress, particularly later into the season and their incubation, with late-laying hens being especially vulnerable to energetic costs. We show that eiders have the capacity to respond to climate change, but that these responses can interfere with their reproduction. As such, the revealed temperature thresholds and assessment of eiders' vulnerability to heat stress under climate change’s warming of arctic summers may aid in informing their timely management and encourage protective policy action in this declining seaduck.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».