Two case studies on indoor air quality in New YorkCity decarbonized affordable housing
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
To mitigate the effects of climate change, building decarbonization and energy efficiency measures have expanded in scope. At the same time, interest has grown in how these changes affect indoor air quality (IAQ) and thus personal health. This thesis analyzes the concentrations of gas pollutants and particulate matter (PM) within occupied apartments in two New York City affordable housing projects, which we will refer to as Bushwick and Woodlawn. At Bushwick, we explore how gas and PM concentrations are impacted by retrofits that decarbonize the building and increase its energy efficiency to meet passive house standards. At Woodlawn, we monitor PM in a new development built to passive house standards to observe how concentrations are impacted by occupancy and controlled changes to ventilation and filtration settings. Results at Bushwick were limited by the availability of data and confounding factors but indicated the potential for a retrofit to passive house standards to improve IAQ. PM and gas sensors were initially installed in four apartments, but only one apartment (Apt. D) maintained both of these sensors online throughout the study. In addition, one apartment (Apt. A) kept only the PM sensor online and another (Apt. B) kept only the gas sensor online. This ultimately allowed us to analyze changes in PM and gas concentrations in two apartments each. Of note, a few tenants in Apt. D who used to smoke in the unit moved out during the retrofit, so these changes confounded any effect of the retrofit on air pollution that we hoped to observe. We observed statistically significant decreases in most gas and PM pollutants across apartments following the retrofit. PM1 saw the most steep decreases in PM, with mean concentrations dropping 55% in Apt. A and 44% in Apt. D after the retrofit. Amongst gases, mean CO2 concentrations decreased by 62% in Apt. B and 45% in Apt. D. This decrease in air pollution resulted in greater compliance with Health Canada IAQ guidelines after the retrofit. Results at Woodlawn were supported by strong data collection for a year in nine apartment units. By observing air pollution before and after tenants moved in, we determined that occupancy had a statistically significant effect in increasing PM concentrations in all observed apartments. We also observed that the combined effect of increasing ventilation rates by 25% and using in-unit HEPA filters resulted in statistically significant decreases in PM concentrations across most units. Across all interventions in occupancy, ventilation, and filtration, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in all units fully complied with WHO ambient air quality guidelines. Furthermore, air pollution indoors was consistently lower than that outdoors, evidence that passive house construction can keep indoor air quality high and protect residents from outdoor air pollution.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».