Adaptive Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Seismic base isolation has become an increasingly common approach to reduce earthquake induced losses. Base isolation aims to decouple structures, such as buildings or bridges, from strong ground motions through the introduction of a flexible layer, typically located at the foundation. Base isolation is a well-established concept and accepted as an effective method of protecting both the structure and its contents from damage due to earthquakes. Elastomers are ideal for base isolation due to their soft material properties and ability to undergo large recoverable strains. Steel-reinforced elastomeric isolators (SREIs) have been widely applied as base isolators; however, the weight and cost of SREIs have been perceived as barriers to the widespread application of base isolation. In order to alleviate these concerns, it has been proposed that the steel reinforcement could be replaced with lighter fiber reinforcement with similar tensile properties as steel. Recent investigations have demonstrated that fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) are viable and have desirable characteristics. An additional proposed cost saving measure was to place the FREI unbonded between the upper and lower supports. The combination of the flexible fiber reinforcement and the unbonded application resulted in a unique rollover deformation under horizontal displacement. Rollover causes a nonlinear force-displacement relationship characterized by a softening and stiffening phase. This nonlinear relationship is believed to be advantageous and to allow the performance of the device to be tailored to the earthquake hazard level. This work investigates the adaptive characteristics of unbonded FREIs. It is demonstrated that the softening and stiffening characteristics of the isolator can be altered through modifications to the isolator or to the surrounding support geometry. Equations are developed to predict the horizontal force-displacement relationship. Furthermore, simple expressions appropriate for use in building and bridge design codes are proposed for critical isolator properties. Potential limitations introduced due to the unbonded application are identified and addressed through the development of a new partially bonded hybrid isolator. It is demonstrated that unbonded FREIs are highly versatile and a potentially competitive device appropriate for widespread application in developed and developing countries.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,263 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».