Culturally-determined differences in vitamin A and iron deficiency between girls and boys in Machakos and Makueni Counties, Kenya
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Résumé
ABSTRACTAlthough malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency command global interest, the effect of gender favoritism on the nutrition status of infants and young children has not been extensively studied. In most developing countries, the nutritional standing of infants and young children is influenced by social cultural and traditional feeding practices with a gender bias in favour of the male child contributing to differences in prevalence of malnutrition between boys and girls related to disparities in levels of micronutrient intake. The study examines relationships and determinants of vitamin A and iron in infants and young children (6 to 36 months) of Machakos and Makueni Counties in Kenya, with a focus on variations and differences of micronutrient levels and dietary diversity score between the boys and girl as influenced by culture and taboos. Data collected included: anthropometry, C-reactive protein, α-1-acid glycoprotein, retinol binding protein (RBP), hemoglobin, dietary intake, culturally prohibited foods and mother's demographic and economic characteristics. Pearson and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine correlations and relationships with a confidence interval of 95% applied. Data for 277 children were analyzed after adjustment for inflammation using CRP and AGP. Prevalence of anemia was 35.3% with a mean (standard deviation) of 11.4(1.4) g/dL. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was 42.6% with a mean of 0.94µmol/L. 35.7% of the children were stunted with a mean of -1.5(±1.3). DDS showed that 76.6% of the children had a low DDS (⤠3 food groups). No significant difference was observed (p > 0.05) in prevalence of anemia, VAD and low DDS between male and female children. A few locations had cultural/traditional forbidden foods like raw animal blood, meat from stomach of goat, meat, honey and fats. Relationship between anemic and VAD children was significant (p=0.03), with an odds ratio of (OR=1.59; 95% CI = 1.17, 2.16. A significant difference (p=0.01) was also observed between low education of child's mother/caregiver and child's DDS.Tradition/cultural practices that prohibit consumption of certain foods does lead to low dietary diversity score causing micronutrient (iron and vitamin A) deficiency which reflects on the poor nutrition status of the IYC. However, the "Action Plan 2012-2017" put in place by the Kenyan Government's Ministry to improve nutrition status reduces the bias in micronutrient deficiencies between boys and girls by wiping out myths centered around feeding practices.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle