Distribution of saturated hydrocarbons in unweathered and erosional landforms
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Badlands are worldwide erosional landforms. The \nformation of different badland morphologies is due to \nthe type of sedimentary bedrock, especially texture \nand cementation degree, as well as climate. \nIn this study badlandes mudstones which have high \nsilt and clay contents from different locations in Italy, \nSpain and Canada (Figure 1) were investigated from \norganic-geochemical point of view. It is known that \nvegetation is commonly identified as a significant \ncontrolling mechanism of land degradation in \nsensitive, semi-arid environments [1]. \nTotal of 18 samples were analysed from 9 different \nlocations. From each location unweathered mudstone \nand crust were taken. Qualitative and semiquantitative composition of the mineral part of \nsamples was determined using X-ray diffractometer. \nAdditionally, chemical properties such as pH, EC, Eh, \nSAR are determined. The content of organic carbon \n(Corg), was determined by elemental analysis after \nremoval of carbonates with diluted hydrochloric acid \n(1:3, v/v). Soluble organic matter, bitumen, was \nextracted from sediments using the Soxhlet extraction \nwith an azeotrope mixture of dichloromethan and \nmethanol (88:12, volume %). Isolation of the \nsaturated and aromatic fraction was done using \ncolumn chromatography. Organic compound were \nanalyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry \n(GC-MS) technique in the fractions of saturated \nhydrocarbons. \nMany study has shown that clay mineralogy is \nextremely important for the behaviour of different \nmaterials undergone weathering/erosional processes as well as smectite-containing sediments have been \nshown to be more erodable [2]. Additonally, the \npresence of enough amount of organic matter, iron \nand aluminum oxides causes to make marls durable \nwhile, sodium ions cause more erosion associated \nwith dispersed clay particles [3]. \nIn this study, it was observed that major changes in \nthe distribution of saturated hydrocarbons occurred in \nsamples containing smectite compared to those \nsamples where mentioned mineral was not identified. \nThis confirms that the presence of smectite is crucial \nfactor for changes inorganic and organic matter \nduring erosional processes. \nMentioned changes in distribution of saturated \nhydrocarbons are most pronounced for n-alkanes, \nwhereby higher odd-numbered n-alkanes are most \nsensitive during erosive processes. For that reason \nparameters which reflect the ratio of higher and lower \nn-alkanes (for example, TAR, TAR/MAR, CPI) \ndecrease in eroded samples compared to unweathered \nmudstones. \nSignificant changes in distribution of polycyclic \nalkanes of sterane and terpane types were not \nobserved.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».