Factors Affecting Habitat Selection and Population Characteristics of American Marten (<em>Martes americana atrata</em>) in Newfoundland
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Newfoundland marten (Martes americana atrata) is an endangered population of American marten (M. a. americana) endemic only to the island of Newfoundland. I documented home-range characteristics, habitat selection, survival rates, and cause specific mortality factors inside and outside a wildlife reserve, to provide insights into effects of anthropogenic influences (e.g., timber harvesting, snaring, and trapping) on marten populations. Median home-range areas of adult martens in Newfoundland (males = 27.6 km2, n = 43; females = 10.6 km2, n = 49) were disproportionately larger than those for a mainland marten population (males = 3.3 km2, n = 135; females = 2.4 km2, n = 91) in northcentral Maine. Allometric analyses revealed that home-range area of martens from Maine scaled approximately linearly with body weight whereas the relationship in Newfoundland was strikingly nonlinear, these differences being attributable to landscape configuration and prey abundance. Multi-scale habitat selection revealed that martens exhibited positive or neutral selection for a broad range of habitat types within their home ranges. Adult resident martens occupied home ranges that were not dominated by mature and overmature forest conditions. Selection for tall (> 12.5 m height) closed-canopied (> 50%) softwood stands, which based on previous work is required habitat for Newfoundland martens, was intermediate in relative preference, and comprised only 12.5% of home ranges. Age distributions were not different among martens with high, intermediate, and low amounts of mature and overmature forest in their home range. Further, survival of adult martens was not positively associated with increasing homerange availability of mature and overmature coniferous forest. I documented 52 mortalities during the study; human-caused mortality accounted for 45.3% of all mortalities and 71.9% of mortality outside the reserve. Models best characterizing survival of adults indicated a strong (positive) additive effect of increased habitat availability within the home range and increasing distance from roads where snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) snaring and furbearer trapping of furbearers was legally permitted. Annual survival of adult martens (M = 112, F = 112) was 0.83 for both males and females. Survival of juvenile martens from October to April was 0.76 inside the reserve but only 0.51 in areas open to snaring and trapping. Marten populations outside the Pine Marten Study Area reserve are likely maintained by dispersal from the reserve or other untrapped refugia.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».