Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This dissertation explores empirically the role of government in addressing contemporary public health pressing issues. The first chapter studies the entrance of state-owned pharmacies to provide access to affordable pharmaceutical drugs. This is joint work with Juan Pablo Atal from University of Pennsylvania, José Ignacio Cuesta from Stanford University, and Felipe González from Queen Mary University of London. We find that public pharmacies sell the same drugs at a third of private pharmacy prices, because of stronger upstream bargaining and downstream market power in the private sector but are of lower quality. Leveraging the decentralized entry of public pharmacies to local markets in Chile, we show that public pharmacies induced market segmentation and price increases in the private sector, benefiting the switchers to the public option but harming the stayers. We conclude that the countrywide entry of public pharmacies would reduce yearly consumer drug expenditure and significantly outweigh the costs of the policy.In the second chapter, in joint work with Pablo Muñoz from Universidad de Chile, we ask how governments can improve healthcare provision in public hospitals. To this end, we study a reform in Chile that aimed to improve public service provision by dramatically changing the way government institutions recruit high-ranking civil servants. We focus on the impact of the policy on public hospital performance and examine the underlying mechanisms through which public managers affect public health outcomes. The paper shows that the policy reduced hospital mortality around 8%, an effect that persisted after three years. We also find that the policy changed the pool of CEOs by displacing older doctors with no management training in favor of younger CEOs with either undergraduate degrees in management or doctors with master’s degrees or diplomas in management. We find that the reform affected hospital mortality mostly when newly appointed managers had management studies, who introduced more efficient use of medical resources and better personnel practices.The third chapter studies an innovative nationwide policy that mandates the use of warning labels on products whose sugar or calorie concentration exceeds certain thresholds to address increasing obesity. The policy was first passed in Chile and has been widely replicated in several countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Israel, among others. In a joint project with Nano Barahona and Sebastián Otero, both from UC Berkeley, we partnered with Walmart-Chile to study the effects of the policy Chile. We find that consumers substituted from labeled to unlabeled products, a pattern mostly driven by products that consumers mistakenly believe to be healthy. On the supply side, we document substantial reformulation of products and bunching at the thresholds. Next we develop and estimate an equilibrium model of demand for food and firms’ pricing and nutritional choices. The main finding is that that food labels increase consumer welfare, an effect that is enhanced by firms’ responses. We conclude that under optimal policy thresholds, food labels and sugar taxes generate similar gains in consumer welfare, but food labels benefit the poor relatively more.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,007 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».