Ground Improvement for Enhanced Seismic Performance of Rocking Footings on Sand
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This work details a centrifuge modeling investigation of the performance of rocking footings supported by various ground improvement strategies with the aim of controlling their performance before, during, and after earthquake shaking. The rocking footings investigated in this study are modeled after the shallow foundations supporting a two-span highway bridge (Hwy 108 at Sanguinetti Road) in Sonora, California which served as the archetypal bridge in previous centrifuge studies. Where these earlier studies proved that under-designed foundations re-center themselves reliably while dissipating energy, the present study focuses on the capacity of ground improvement to preserve these beneficial traits while also limiting the foundation’s settlement and residual rotation, even when it is relatively heavily loaded to begin with.By developing a strategy to control the detrimental kinematics of rocking footings during plastic hinge development, geotechnical engineering practice can move towards embracing a natural, cost-effective solution and its implementation in performance based engineering (PBE) of transportation infrastructure. Based on case histories and advice from geotechnical practitioners in California, ground improvement for the centrifuge testing program revolved around soil-cement columns in medium dense Ottawa F-65 sand. Soil-cement mixing was selected as it is a well-known technique to reduce liquefaction hazard that is widely used in practice, and also has the potential to reduce settlement of shallow footings on loose-medium sand which is the focus of the present study.A baseline case was first developed for a rocking footing without ground improvement by subjecting it to shaking at a level that caused it to settle and rotate much more than would be tolerable by any performance criteria. This baseline case was established reliably through repeated tests before being compared to other cases with a variety of soil-cement column configurations. Foundation performance in all tests was assessed based on settlement accumulation against cumulative rotation demand, and a correlation diagram relating re-centering and energy dissipation. Ideal ground improvement configurations were identified with minimal settlement and maximum energy dissipation and re-centering. The centrifuge testing results have been organized in a manner allowing their seamless integration into the existing FoRDy database of rocking foundation tests. Ultimately, the expanded database will increase the engineering community’s receptiveness to adopting the rocking foundation design. Such a design reduces risk to infrastructure in the event of severe earthquakes, limiting potential service disruptions and costly repairs to transportation systems.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».