Modeling and experimental analysis of carbon exchange from artificially flooded forest and peatland ecosystems
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Development of hydroelectricity in recent years has stirred an international debate in relation to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by flooding, which results from the creation of hydroelectric reservoirs. The debate focuses on whether hydroelectric reservoirs are negligible global GHG sources, particularly with regards to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄). Most carbon (C) exchange studies applied to hydroelectric reservoirs have been based on irregular or sporadic field measurements and, therefore, hardly address the transient nature of reservoir C flux and the heterogeneity in flux that occurs across different types of ecosystems inundated with water. In this context, ecosystem modeling and laboratory experiments can improve our understanding of C exchange that takes place in flooded terrestrial ecosystems as a consequence of hydroelectric development. The aim of this research was to examine C exchange variation in boreal forest and peatland ecosystems prior to and after flooding as well as to project boreal ecosystem C exchange for the duration of the inundation period. The primary study area was the Eastmain-1 reservoir located in northern Quebec where impoundment was completed in 2006. For this research, a reservoir C model (FF-DNDC) was developed by modifying Forest-DNDC, a process-based biogeochemical model utilized for forest and wetland ecosystems. FF-DNDC was designed to replicate C processes that take place in submerged soil and the water column. It is used to simulate CO₂ flux in flooded boreal forest and peatland ecosystems. The reliability of the Forest-DNDC simulation in relation to CO₂ flux in black spruce forest and peatland ecosystems was tested before modifications to the software took place. This test showed that Forest-DNDC reasonably simulated CO₂ flux and, as a result, supported the application of the model to simulate C dynamic changes after flooding occurs. Short-term incubation experiments using boreal soil and vegetation samples revealed that flooding decreased rates of CO₂ production but increased rates of dissolved C production. The experiments quantified changes that occurred in C mineralization rates prior to and after flooding, which determined soil decomposition parameters under flooded conditions that were then applied to FF-DNDC. The Eastmain-1 reservoir flooded ecosystem simulations detected CO2 emissions from the water surface, and, hence, the direction in CO₂ flux changed (from uptake to release) in comparison to flux that occurred in natural forest and peatland ecosystems. Simulated CO₂ flux for both the flooded forest and peatland ecosystems decreased with the duration of inundation, and the forest ecosystem showed larger CO₂ flux than the peatland ecosystem in the first decade after flooding was initiated. The trend of larger flux in the forest ecosystem was reversed after the first decade. Modeling and experimental results from this study emphasize the importance of spatial and temporal variation of C exchange in newly flooded boreal landscapes.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».