Systemic, Institutional, and Teaching Factors in the Delivery of Interprofessional Education Curriculum in Canada

The Canadian federal and several provincial governments are currently collaborating to establish ‘team-based’ primary healthcare—or interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP), which can be effectively accomplished when interprofessional education (IPE) is sustainably delivered by health and social care (HASC) professional education programs. Indeed, achieving the intended patient/client-oriented outcomes of IPE and subsequent IPCP requires deliberate and purposeful considerations of several systemic, institutional, and teaching factors. Regrettably, the analyses of the extent to which these factors have influenced effective IPCP is currently under-researched. In this integrated-article dissertation, we took a purposeful and systematic approach to explore the extent to which these multi-tiered factors influence effective IPCP in the Canadian context. First, we conducted a systematic review (Chapter 2) to familiarize ourselves with and explore when and where IPE has been implemented over the past decade (2010–2020). Next, we conducted a comparative document analysis (Chapter 3) of Canadian HASC professional accreditation standards documents, through which we evaluated the accountability of interprofessional-relevant accreditation standards―to which accrediting organizations can hold their respective academic programs accountable. These two research studies revealed three major research gaps: (1) that most IPE initiatives lacked use of theoretical/conceptual frameworks; (2) that the IPE-relevant accreditation standards overwhelmingly emphasized Students and Educational Program domains, thereby potentially compromising the sustainability of IPE; and (3) that longer IPE initiatives with greater intensity and more rigorous methodological and assessments methods are warranted. To address the first research gap, we present a conceptual paper (Chapter 4) in which we discussed the importance of curriculum and learning theories to HASC professional education processes and proposed a theoretical framework for productive engaged learning, through which IPE opportunities may be grounded. To address the second and third research gaps, we explored the integration of IPE curriculum models in the programmatic structures at four, large Canadian post-secondary institutions (Chapter 5). We further explored the enablers, barriers/challenges, limitations, and outcomes of these curriculum models, as perceived by IPE facilitators and preceptors and whether they truly lead to effective IPCP (Chapter 6). This research reinforces global and national efforts to promote sustainable IPE with aim to improve patient/client-centred care.

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