Characterization of the interactions between Carbon-based particles with metals and metal(loid)s-bearing species in soils and air
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Past and present emission of metal and metalloids from natural and anthropogenic sources to the environment has led to ongoing research concerning their fate and bioavailability. Sequestration and transport of metal(loids) in the environment are controlled by their interactions with particles in soils, water, and air. This thesis addresses the interaction of carbon-bearing particles with metal(loid)s in organic-rich soils impacted by mining activities and in urban air affected by wildfire smoke and residential and industrial activities. Carbon-bearing particles such as organic matter (OM) in soils and soot particles in the air have in common a high affinity towards metal(loid)s due to the presence of reactive functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. The interaction of the respective particles with metal(loid)s were characterized in this thesis with multi-analytical approaches that included bulk chemical and mineralogical analyses, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, focused ion beam technology, transmission electron microscopy, ion milling, and atom probe tomography. These multi-analytical approaches showed that sequestration and transformation of As- and Ag-bearing ionic species and nanoparticles (NPs) in the organic-rich soils in Cobalt, Ontario, Canada was controlled by the latter functional groups as well as by mineral-OM associations within particulate organic matter (POM). They specifically indicated that I. arsenic is sequestered by mineral-OM associations through either its co-precipitation or adsorption on Fe-(hydr)oxides followed by the transformation of the latter hydroxide into scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) or amorphous Fe-arsenate (AFA) II. Ag is sequestered as Ag-NPs in the matrix of POM and as Ag-sulfide (acanthite) NPs on the surface of the Fe-hydroxides and Fe-arsenates. The formation of the Ag-sulfide NPs was the result of either the replacement of earlier Ag-NPs (so-called oxysulfidation process), or the complete dissolution of the latter NPs and the nucleation of acanthite NPs on the surface of the Fe-bearing minerals (so-called oxidative dissolution/precipitation process). Similarly, a multi-analytical approach on the interactions of soot particles with PM and aerosols derived from residential and industrial activities in Barranquilla, Atlántico showed that the most common particles are soot aggregates associated with Fe-, Ti-, and Zn-oxides due to the high surface reactivity of individual soot particles. Other observed particles included pure soot aggregates, carbon allotropes, organics, C-rich coatings, and NPs of silicates, salt minerals associated with soot particles (mainly Na-sulfates). The observations of this thesis show that mineral-carbon associations in soils and air strongly control the sequestration, transportation, and transformation of metal(loid)s in both respective environments.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».