Antimicrobial Use, Resistance, and Farm Management Practices in Calves on Canadian Dairy Farms
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This thesis describes antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in dairy calves, as well as an exploration of studies evaluating colostrum management practices. A scoping review was conducted to investigate the current literature on colostrum management practices and failed transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves. A total of 256 studies were included in data synthesis with 195 being controlled trials. Thirty controlled studies investigated the effect of colostral quantity at first feeding to calves, where studies were comparable with each other. Only 4 controlled trials were found on bacterial load in colostrum in relationship of transfer of passive immunity. A knowledge gap remains considering optimal colostrum management practices and calf health. \nAn observational study investigated the temporal trend of antimicrobial susceptibility in E. coli and Salmonella isolates obtained from calves ≤ 2 months old in Ontario. Among the total of 1,291 isolates, small differences were noted over 2007 - 2020; however, calves aged ≥ 2 weeks old had higher odds of resistance than younger calves. A cross-sectional study investigated treatment decisions by Canadian dairy producers when using antimicrobials for pre-weaned dairy calves. Questionnaires were distributed to 142 dairy producers, where 96% and 74% of them used antimicrobials to treat a respiratory case and a diarrhea case, respectively. Several combinations of clinical signs were used when making the treatment decision for each respiratory and diarrheic case. Producers who had a written treatment protocol for a respiratory disease had 3 times the odds of using antimicrobials by considering at least 3 respiratory signs compared to those without a protocol for calf respiratory disease. Producers who had a written treatment protocol for calf diarrhea had 7 times the odds of using antimicrobials by considering one of the systemic signs for diarrhea compared to those without a protocol for calf diarrhea. \nA cross-sectional study investigated antimicrobial use and its association with calf management practices in heifers ≤ 60 d of age on Canadian dairy farms. Among the 74 dairy farms included, 7,307 antimicrobial treatment records were collected. Florfenicol was most commonly used, with lower numbers in fluoroquinolone and ceftiofur. Farms that fed transition milk to calves had less than half the number of antimicrobial treatments/calf-year than those who did not feed transition milk.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».