A cognitive-functional approach to topic constructions in Beijing Mandarin
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Mandarin Chinese has long been accepted as a topic-prominent language.However, a consensus has never been reached on how to define or characte rize the notion of topic.Given the pragmatic orientation of the notion and the heterogeneity of topic-comment constructions, a cognitive-functional approach has been adopted in this research to analyze a spoken corpus of Beijing Mandarin.On the basis of what has been found about structurally identiflred topics in the corpus, I have argued that topic constructions are best taken as specific instantiations of the schema of Conceptual Reference Point for the ensuing comments.' Spoken data are more indicative of online processing than are written texts.Taking advantage of this, I have examined how pauses and pause particles are interrelated with topic marking and topic verbalization.A comparison between marked grammatical subjects and unmarked ones has revealed that the former are more heavily coded.Following the iconicity principle or the accessibility theory as proposed by Givón ( 1983), Ariel (1988, 1990), etc., topics convey more information than subjects.by Linjun ilt The investigation into the discourse use of several high frequency pause particles, namely ne, bø, ma, a (and its phonetic variants), and two lexical topic markers, i.e., dehua and laijiang, shows that they, like Japanese wa or eyebrow raise in ASL, are all polysemous: they fulfill different discourse functions by marking topics of different semantic roles and information statuses.These topic markers are also observed to occur successively and co-occur with each other in topic marking.The richness in topic markers and topic marking manners further evidences topic as a complex category that demands a schematic char acterization.Following detailed analysis of topic instantiations in the spoken corpus, a schematization of topic as a complex linguistic category is expounded first horizontally then vertically.Topic as a schema is then characterized as follows: topics of all semantic roles may fulfill the function of conceptual reference point in spontaneous speech, and the reference point may sometimes be objective, especially when the relationship between topic and its target referent(s) resembles some objective ones, such as the possessive or the part-whole relationship.further complicates the issue.It seems that a rigorous definition in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions does not fit for such a loaded notion.A new approach is thus in order.In what follows I discuss what insights cognitive linguistics in general can give us in addressing the issue of topic in Mandarin Chinese.1.2 Cognitive Linguistics as an Alternative 1.2.1 Outlining cognitive linguistics and its relevance to this research Cognitive linguistics is a cover term for a variety of approaches, methodologies and emphases which are unified by a set of assumptions.The foundational point of cognitivelinguistics is simply that "language is all about meaning" (Geeraerts 2008:3); that is, language is viewed as an instrument for organizing, processing and conveying information.Cognitive linguistics makes several basic assumptions, and two of them are highly relevant to this research.One is that Cognitive Grammar views language as a usage-based system (e.g.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».