Extracellular vesicles as a tool for identification of new biomarkers in Chagas disease
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
[eng] American tripanosomiasis or Chagas Disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), remains one of most neglected tropical diseases. Endemic from 21 countries in Latin America, it is the most important infection in the region in terms of public health and economic impact. Updated information from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) indicates that 12.000 people die from CD annually in the Americas. However, these figures may be highly conservative estimates, as other studies mention that as many as 200.000 people living with T. cruzi infection may die over the next five years from heart disease and related complications. Moreover, about 70 million people are exposed to the parasite, six to seven million now live with T. cruzi infection, and 30.000 new infections occur annually in the Americas. Furthermore, in the last decades CD has become a global health concern due to the migration flows from Latin America to United States, Europe, Canada and Japan. Many challenges remain regarding CD control and prevention in endemic and non-endemic countries. There is an urgent need of more practical and useful diagnostic methods, there are no preventive vaccines, and the two available treatments present several adverse drug reactions and limited efficacy during the chronic phase of the disease . Since there are no prognosis markers, drugs should be administered to all T. cruzi infected individuals that fulfill treatment criteria. Additionally, there are no tests-of-cure either, which limits patients´ follow-up and the search of safer and more efficacious drugs. Thus, the finding of reliable biomarkers of disease progression and/or treatment response would mean the greatest leap forward in the history of CD since its discovery in 1909. In this context, research on the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for biomarkers discovery has grown exponentially in the last decades. EVs are small double membrane vesicles of cellular origin, present in most biological fluids and secreted by all kind of cells. The different roles of EVs are still being explored, and include multiple biological functions, such as intercellular signaling and cell-to-cell communication. As the study of EVs is an active area of research, many biomedical utilities are still being explored, such as carriers for drug and gene therapy, antigen presentation, or therapeutic properties. Importantly, EVs present a huge potential as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis: they present highly specificity and sensitivity, excellent stability, and can be easily obtained in biofluids. This thesis explores the potential of EVs secreted during T. cruzi infection as potential biomarkers for therapeutic response and disease outcome in CD.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».