Funkcjonowanie gospodarki narodowej a ochrona środowiska naturalnego

Problems of the natural environment protection have been recently in the
\nfocus of attention of the Polish public opinion in the effect of a quickly progressing
\ndegradation of the natural resources. In the well-developed countries it
\nhappened at least a quarter of century ago. That time lag was resulting from
\nthe fact that only-in the seventies Poland entered the road of changes facilitating
\na wider utilization of the modern scientific and technological revolution which in
\nturn unprecedently devastated the natural resources in course of the productional
\nprocesses. Another reason of that destruction was of a doctrinal nature, it was
\nwidely believed that in a socialist system the processes of devastation can be
\naltogether eliminated on account of the central planning based on a macroeconomic
\ncalculation.
\nThe central planning and the macroeconomic calculation do not however secure
\na rational utilization of the natural resources only by themselves. On the one
\nhand, there is no possibility of accounting for the depreciation of these resources
\nin the cost calculus in the effect of non-availability of their economic appraisal
\nin economic practice. On the other hand no goals of the activity can be determined
\nas there is no data collected on the environmental needs of a population.
\nThe present socio-economic crisis created conditions for the new system of
\nfunctioning of the national economy widely employing market mechanisms. In
\nspite of many profits which can be brought about by the new system, one has
\nto reckon with the strong stimuli, for independent economic units, not to cover
\ncosts for their utilization of the natural resources and regeneration of the, degraded
\nenvironment. The burdens of its protection have to be taken over by the
\nState in such condition of affaires. But instead the actions of the State should
\naim at such conditioning of a market that socially irrational utilization of the
\nnatural resources does not pay. That purpose can be effected by means of imposing
\ntaxes and charges on the units impairing the environment, to collect funds
\ntoward its reconstruction. The State services of the environment protection as
\nwell as their control and enforcement functions have to be widely expanded in
\norder to ensure the effective actions in that sphere. But the intensification of the
\nscientific research seems to be a matter of the highest importance — it has to
\nfollow two directions; defining the soundness of environmental standards and
\nappraising economically the natural resources and their role in the social processes
\nin economy.

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